Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geology 101 > Geology 101 Day 1 > Flashcards

Geology 101 Day 1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Qualitive Data

A

Pictures, decriptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Quantative Data

A

Figures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of Data

A

Qualitive and Quantitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypothesis

A

a testable explanation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Theory

A

hypothesis that has survived many tests, accepted by scientific community as a potential explanation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dynamic

A

Continuous productive activity or change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rock formed by Magma

A

Igneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rock formed from weather and erosion

A

Sedimentary Rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rock formed by extreme heat and pressure

A

Metamorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

Assumption that the physical laws of the universe are constant over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rock precipitated directly from hot water

A

Hydrothermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rock cycle steps

A

Weathering-Erosion and Transport- Deposition- Burial and lithification- Deformation and Metamorphisism- Melting- Solidification- Uplift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rock cycle step where wind and other factors create sediment

A

Weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rock cycle step where loosened pieces are stripped away and are moved by the elements

A

Erosion and Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rock cycle step where sediment is deposited, buried, and compacted

A

Burial and lithification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lithification

A

sediment to rock formed by natural cement in chemicals contained in underground water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

deformation

A

strong forces squeeze rock and fold its layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rock cycle step where rock is squeezed or heated

A

Deformation and Metamorphism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rock cycle step caused by rock being exposed to high temperature

A

melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rock cycle step where magma cools and solidifies

A

solidification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

rock cycle step where rocks are pushed back to the surface

A

uplift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trading location for time

A

Uses characteristics of different landscapes to represent different stages of evolution for comparison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the 4 Sequences of geological events

A
  1. Youngest layer on top, oldest on bottom
  2. A geological feature (fault) is younger than a rock unit or features a crosscut (magma cutting into rock)
  3. A younger rock or deposit can include pieces of older rock
  4. A magma bake can change older rocks nearby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Type of map that emphasis shape of the land by simulating light and dark shading on hills and valleys

A

Shaded-relief map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Type of map that shows elevation of land with a series of lines called contours
Topographic Map
26
Type of map that uses measurements of different wavelengths of light reflecting from a land surface (colored)
Satellite map
27
Type of map that represents the ditribution of rock units and geological features exposed to the surface
Geological map
28
Elevation
Height above sea level
29
Depth
Height below sea level
30
Topographic Relief
difference in elevation from one feature to another
31
HIgh Relief Area
Large change in elevation between two areas
32
3D diagram that shows shape of land surface and subsurface of rock units
block diagram
33
2D figure that shows two dimensional slice through land
Cross section
34
Section that shows rock units stacked on top of one another
Stratigraphic Section
35
Collection of diagrams that show history of an area as a series of steps
Evolutionary diagram
36
What is measured for Orientation
measuring geologic features such as layers, fractures, and folds
37
What is measured for surface features
Movement of land surface, marking location of data
38
What is measured for gas composition
volcanic gases quantity and composition
39
What is measured for water flow and chemistry
velocity and volume of flowing waters in river and groundwater
40
What is measured in the lab when a rocks composition is tested
Chemical analyses and percentage of different materials in the rock
41
What are the two ways to date the age of a rock in a lab
Measuring ratios between radioactive elements and magnetic measurements
42
Density
how much mass is in a given volume
43
weight
how much force an object exerts under the pull of gravity
44
formula for density
mass/volume
45
uniformitarianism
present is key to the past; geologic processes occurring today also occurred in the geologic past
46
superposition
undisturbed, oldest layer of rock on the bottom, youngest on top
47
List ways of exploring seafloor
satellite, submersibles, sound waves, drilling
48
black smokers
hydrothermal vents where hot water jets out into cold seawater
49
common features of diverging boundaries
mid ocean ridges, rift valleys, underwater volcanoes
50
common features of converging valleys
trenches, volcanoes, mountain ranges
51
what instrument is used to test a rocks magnetism
magnetometer
52
normal polarity definition
south to north
53
dynamo
electrical generator, earths core
54
felsic rocks
light color, abundent quartz, feldspar
55
color of feldspar
cream
56
color of quartz
grey
57
color of tourmaline
black
58
mafic rocks
dark color, magnesium and iron
59
the upper mantle is composed of
peridotite
60
describe peridotite
more magnesium and iron minerals. its green sometimes and called olivine. ultra maffic
61
define decompression melting
pressure decreases and rocks melt
62
top to bottom of mid ocean ridges (top is sea-)
sea, pillow basalts, sheeted dikes, gabbro, mantle
63
different types of volcanoes
scoria cone, shield volcano, composite volcano, volcanic dome
64
describe a scoria cone
cone shaped hills with craters at the summit. smallest type of volcano
65
dome volcano
dome shaped, solidified lava, can fracture but staysmostly ntact
66
composite volcano
looks like a science fair volcano
67
shield volcano
can be small or large. largest volcanos are shield volcanoes.
68
tephra
ash, pumice, and rock fragments in a volcanic eruption
69
two types of eruptions
eruption column, pyroclastic flow
70
eruption column explosion
large volume of gas come out of magma to overcome gravity and clouds of tephra go into the air
71
pyroclastic flow eruption
less gas, cannot support the eruption column, column colapses downhill under the force of gravity
72
more viscous lavas contain what type of rock
felsic
73
less viscous lavas contain what kind of rock
mafic
74
basaltic magma is more or less explosive on an erruption scale
less
75
what are two common features of basaltic volcanos
scoria cones, basalt flows
76
the most dangerous type of volcano is
a composite volcano
77
two types of rock fractures
joints, faults
78
how do joints form
when stress pulls rock apart
79
how do faults form
an unclean break from pressure pulling rocks apart (diagonal)
80
Describe a silicate mineral
Four oxygen atoms, one silicon atom
81
Describe independent tetrahedra
No tetrahedra bonded. Olivine. No clear breaks.
82
Describe a single chain tetrahedra bond.
Two oxygen atoms are shared. Parallel breaking. Pyroxenes.
83
Describe a double chain tetrahedra connection
Half of the oxygen atoms share two oxygen atoms, other half share three. Cleave parallel to double chains by angles of 60 and 120 degrees. Amphiboles.
84
Describe a sheet tetrahedra connection
Tetrahedra share three oxygen atoms to form continuous sheets. Parallel cleavage. Micas and clay.
85
Describe a framework tetrahedra connection
All 4 oxygen atoms are shared. No cleavage, only fractures. Quartz, feldspar.

Geology 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions