Geological Formations

Question 1

Explain homogeneous formations

Answer 1

Hydraulic conductivity(or other geological properties) are independent of location in the formation

Question 2

Explain heterogeneous formations

Answer 2

Hydraulic conductivity vary from location in the formation

Question 3

Geologic features that cause heterogeneity in aquifers for carbonates

Answer 3

1. unit thickness (thick, thin, nonexistent)
2. Facies changes (depositional env with 1 rock layer)
3. Layering

Question 4

Geologic features that cause heterogeneity in aquifers

Answer 4

1. unit thickness
2. Layering
3. Facies changes
4. Solution (vugs)
5. Fractures

Question 5

Geologic features that cause heterogeneity in aquifers for igneous and metamorphic rocks

Answer 5

1. unit thickness

2. Facies changes

Question 6

Types of heterogeneous formations

Answer 6

1. Thickening wedge
2. Graded sediment
3. Layered heterogeneity

Question 7

Explain isotropic formations

Answer 7

Hydraulic conductivity is independent of direction of measurement

Question 8

Explain anisotropic formations

Answer 8

Hydraulic conductivity are dependent on direction

Question 9

Causes of anisotropic

Answer 9

1. Imbrication
2. Clays
3. Basalts (inter flow zones in columnar jointing)

Question 10

What is the equation for K in parallel beds (water flows through only one bed)

Answer 10

K = (k1 x A1) / A

Question 11

K calculation to use when beds are in series (water flows through all beds)

Answer 11

K = L1/(K1 x L)^-1

Question 12

HSU

Answer 12

Hudrostratigraphic units

One or more geological beds having similar hydrological properties

Question 13

In layered sed/sedimentary rocks

Kb usually _____

Answer 13

Varies with direction

Question 14

In the majority of shallow unconsolidated sed with horizontal beds is K horizontal or K vertical bigger

Answer 14

K horizontal