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GEOHAZARD > GeoHaz quiz 3 > Flashcards

GeoHaz quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. It is the process where the early-formed minerals are denser (heavier) than the liquid (melt) and sink toward the magma chamber.
A

Crystal settling

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2
Q
  1. What are the three types of magma?
A
  1. Basaltic
  2. Andesitic
  3. Rhyolitic
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3
Q
  1. What is the percentage of Silica (SiO2) in andesite and Dacite rocks?
A

52% to 68%

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4
Q
  1. What has the least mobility between Basalatic, Andesitic, and Rhyolitic magma?
A

Rhyolitic

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5
Q
  1. What are the two main factors that affects the viscosity of a magma?
A
  1. Temperature
  2. SiO2 content
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6
Q
  1. It is the process through which a single homogeneous magma is able to produce two or more fractions (daughter magmas) of different composition, which ultimately forms diverse rock types.
A

Magma Differentiation

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7
Q
  1. This process occurs during the ascent of two chemically distinct magma bodies as the more buoyant mass overtakes the more slowly rising body.
A

Magma Mixing

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8
Q
  1. This event occurs when the surrounding rocks breaks and is incorporated in the magma up-welling.
A

Assimilation

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9
Q
  1. It is the process that generates a magma that is nearer the felsic (granitic) end of the compositional spectrum than the parent rock from which it was derived.
A

Partial Melting

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10
Q
  1. Minerals with the _______ ________ ______ are the first to melt.
A

lowest melting temperatures

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11
Q
  1. Most magma that erupts on the Earth’s surface is basaltic in
    composition and has a temperature of?
A

1000 C to 1250 C

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12
Q
  1. Basaltic (mafic) magmas that originate from partial melting of
    mantle rocks are called ____________ magmas because they
    have not yet evolved.
A

primary or primitive

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13
Q
  1. As basaltic magma solidifies, the silica-poor ferromagnesian minerals crystallize first. If these iron-rich components are separated from the liquid by crystal settling, the remaining melt will have an ______________.
A

Andesitic Composition

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13
Q
  1. True or False:
    Two magma bodies with the same composition and temperature undergoes magma mixing, the resulting magma is now considered as an evolved magma.
A

False, A change in composition is needed to be considered as an evolved magma.

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13
Q
  1. This phenomenon occurs when hot rock of the mantle rises upward and spontaneously melts, turning into magma.
A

Decompression Melting

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14
Q
  1. What is the term used for evolved(changed) magma?
A

Secondary Magma

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14
Q
  1. This type of magmas are mostly generated by the partial melting of continental crust.
A

Granitic

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15
Q
  1. True or False: Higher content of dissolved gases within a magma will result to a more explosive volcanic eruption.
A

True

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16
Q
  1. It occurs whenever magma reaches the surface and begins to move across the landscape.
A

Lava Flow

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17
Q
  1. These are steep-sided mounds that were formed from
    viscous lava (rhyolitic lava). It can also act like a plug when
    it begins to solidify and thus allow pressure to build in the
    magma chamber and result in a more explosive eruption.
A

Lava Domes

18
Q

21.This volcanic landform is formed when large volumes of basaltic
lava will flow onto the surface along large fracture zones.

A

Continental flood basalt

19
Q
  1. What are the three types of volcanic cones.
A
  1. Cinder
  2. Composite
  3. Shield
20
Q
  1. A volcanic vent can coincide with a fault or fracture, resulting in a linear extrusion known as a?
A

Fissure Eruption

21
Q
  1. What type of volcanic cone does Mt. Taal belongs to?
A

Cinder Cone

22
Q
  1. Composite cone volcanoes are also known as ________. What is the most popular composite volcano in the Philippines?
A

a. Stratovolcano;
b. Mt. Mayon

23
Q
  1. True or False: Shield volcanoes have quiescent eruptions because basaltic magma contains large amounts of dissolved gases and has a low viscosity.
A

False,
Basaltic magma contains small amounts of dissolved gases

24
Q
  1. This is a circular depression where lava and pyroclastic
    material is being ejected.
A

Crater

25
Q
  1. This is a a circular depression that forms after an eruption
    when large volumes of magma are ejected from a shallow
    magma chamber, leaving it relatively empty and thus causing it
    to subside/collapse.
A

Caldera

26
Q
  1. This is a zone of molten material where magma accumulates and occurs at a considerable depth.
A

Magma Chamber

27
Q
  1. Eruptions create pulverized rock that is ejected along with the lava which is collectively known as?
A

Pyroclastic Material

28
Q
  1. True or False: Tephra are solidified lava and pulverized rock.
A

True

29
Q
  1. How does pyroclastic deposits and rocks classified?
A

by:
1. Grain Size
2. Grain Size Mixture
3. Components

30
Q
  1. What is the Volcanic Explosivity Index or VEI?
A

It is a relative measure of the explosiveness of
volcanic eruptions.

31
Q
  1. The way in which humans respond to potential volcanic threats depends on several factors, in particular the ________ at which eruptions occur and the _______________ .
A

frequency;
availability of habitable living space

32
Q
  1. What volcano erupted that resulted to global cooling of 3 degrees Celsius?
A

Mt. Tambora in Indonesia

33
Q
  1. Another name for volcanic mudflow.
A

Lahar

34
Q
  1. It occurs whenever steep flanks of a volcano become unstable and results rapid downslope movement of rocks, debris, and/or snow/ice. It is often triggered by heavy rains or earthquakes.
A

Volcanic landslide

35
Q
  1. In volcanic mudflow, ash and rock may comprise ___ to ___%
    by weightand may resemble a river of wet concrete.
A

60% to 90%

36
Q
  1. Volcanic gas is mainly composed of three gases: _______; _________; and _________. Together they account for 95% of all volcanic gases.
A
  1. Water Vapor(H2O)
  2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  3. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
37
Q
  1. Volcanic gas cloud is hazardous to humans, this is simply because it contains no ___________ .
A

free oxygen (O2)

38
Q
  1. True or False: Volcanic gases are typically cool and not a hazard.
A

False,
Volcanic gases are typically quite hot, severely burned skin and lung tissue is another life-threatening hazard.

39
Q
  1. True or False: Release of toxic volcanic gases may happen even with the absence of any volcanic activity.
A

True

40
Q
  1. It is also formed when volcanoes explode violently in an oceanic setting and may subsequently strike coastal communities far from the volcano itself
A

Tsunami

41
Q
  1. What primary volcanic hazard caused the most death in Krakatau, Indonesia? When did it occured and what was the average mortality of that event?
A
  1. Tsunami;
  2. 1883;
  3. 36, 000
42
Q
  1. It is an excellent tool for predicting eruption as earthquake activity invariably increases as magma moves toward the surface.
A

Seismic Monitoring

43
Q
  1. This is a predictive tool that makes use of of the size, shape, composition, and layering characteristics of the particles of a volcanic deposit to infer the history of a particular volcano and subsequently device mitigating measures should there be a nearby exposed population to volcanic hazards.
A

Geologic History

44
Q
  1. What is the biggest con of Monitoring of Volcanic Gases?
A

Volcanic gases do not always originate from fresh magma moving up from depth. Other sources include heated groundwater and older magma leftover from a previous eruption.

45
Q
  1. Based on PHIVOLCS, what are the alert levels?
A

Alert Levels:
0 - No Alert
1 - Abnormal
2 - Increasing Unrest
3 - Increased Tendency Towards Hazardous Eruption
4 - Hazardous Imminent Eruption
5 - Hazardous Eruption

46
Q
A

GEOHAZARD (7 decks)

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