GeoHaz quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
- These are geological processes or phenomenon that may
cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.
A
Geohazards
2
Q
- It is defined as one that emerges gradually
over time. (disaster)
A
Slow-onset disaster
3
Q
- A process/phenomenon that may pose a threat to human lives
and/or properties
A
Hazard
4
Q
- The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets
which could occur to a system, society or a community in a
specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function
of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity
A
Risk
5
Q
- A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with
conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one
or more of the following: human, material, economic and
environmental losses and impacts
A
Disaster
6
Q
- Degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience
hazard events of different magnitudes/scales.
A
Susceptibility
7
Q
- It is the ability of a population to cope and/or prepare to the
effects or impacts of a particular hazard.
A
Adaptive Capacity
8
Q
- It is the degree or inability to resist to the effects/impacts of hazard or to respond when a disaster has occurred. It is a function of
exposure/susceptibility, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity which
may be viewed in various lenses related to the physical,
economic, social, environmental, and/or institutional
characteristics of an area.
A
Vulnerability
9
Q
- Do hazards always lead to
disaster?
A
No (think of an explanation)
10
Q
- Processes that pose threat to life or property are generally
called as “natural hazards”. Give an example of natural hazards.
A
Any of the ff: Earthquakes
* Volcanic Eruptions
* Floods
* Mass Wasting
* Tsunami
* Subsidence
* Drought
* Typhoons
* Tornadoes
* Asteroid Impacts
11
Q
- Can we eliminate the risk from natural hazards?
A
No, we can’t.
12
Q
- ____________ is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters. Mitigation is taking action now—before the next disaster—to reduce human and financial consequences later (analyzing risk, reducing risk, insuring against risk).
A
Mitigation
13
Q
- Types of Hazards
A
a. Natural Hazards
b. Atmospheric/Hydrometeorologic Hazards
c. Anthropogenic Hazards
14
Q
- A type of anthropogenic hazard which
occur due to exposure to hazardous substances, such
as radon, mercury, asbestos fibers, and coal dust.
A
Technological Hazards
15
Q
- It occurs only because a primary
effect has caused them. For example, fires ignited
by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, disruption of
electrical power and water service as a result of an
earthquake or flood, and flooding caused by a
landslide moving into a lake or river.
A
Secondary effects
16
Q
- It occur as a result of the process itself.
For example water damage due to a flood, and
collapse of buildings due to an earthquake,
landslide, typhoon, or tornado
A
Primary Effects
17
Q
- These are long-term effects that are set off
as a result of a primary event. These include things
like loss of habitat caused by a flood, permanent
changes in the position of river channel caused by
flood, crop failure caused by a volcanic eruption etc.
A
Tertiary Effects
18
Q
- Risk is the product of?
A
(probability that the hazard will happen) x (expected impacts)
19
Q
- Involves not only the assessment of hazards from a scientific point of view, but also the socio-economic impacts of a hazardous event.
A
Risk Assessment
20
Q
- A statement of probability that an event will occur based on
scientific observation
A
Prediction
21
Q
- An anomalous small physical change that may be known to lead to a more devastating event.
A
Precursor event
22
Q
- This is sometimes used synonymously with prediction and other
times it is not
A
Forecast
23
Q
- It is a statement that a high probability of a hazardous event
will occur, based on a prediction or forecast.
A
Warning
24
Q
- Give rainfall warnings by PAGASA in increasing intensity
A
Yellow Warning
Orange Warning
Red Warning
25
Q
- What are the responsibilities of Scientists and Engineers?(5)
A
- Hazard Assessment
- Predicition
- Reduction of Risk.
4.Early Warning. - Communication
26
Q
- What are the responsibilities of Public Officials?
A
- Risk Assessment
- Planning and Code Enforcement
- Early Warning.
- Response
- Communication
27
Q
- What are the responsibilities of Citizens?
A
- Understanding of Hazards
- Understanding of Early Warning Systems
- Communication
28
Q
- It is the transition zone between SIAL and SIMA.
A
Conrad Discontinuity
29
Q
- What is the discontinuity between the lower crust and upper mantle?
A
Mohorovicic Discontinuity
30
Q
- What is the discontinuity between the upper and lower mantle?
A
Repetti Discontinuity
31
Q
- What is the discontinuity between the lower mantle and outer core?
A
Gutenberg Discontinuity
32
Q
- What is the discontinuity between the outer core and inner core?
A
Lehmann Discontinuity
33
Q
- This is composed largely of dark-colored, mafic rocks enriched in
oxides of magnesium, iron and calcium (MgO, FeO and
CaO) relative to average crust.
A
Oceanic crust
34
Q
- It can be generalized as “granitic” in composition,
enriched in K2O, Na2O and SiO2
relative to average crust.
A
Continental crust
35
Q
- It is a mantle convection model which suggests that
cold oceanic lithosphere sinks to great depths and
stirs the entire mantle; the ultimate burial ground
for subducting slabs is the core-mantle boundary.
This downward flow is balanced by buoyantly rising
mantle plumes that transport hot material toward
the surface.
A
Whole-Mantle Convection Model
36
Q
- What constitutes the lithosphere?
A
Uppermost part of the
mantle and the crust
37
Q
- [(Ca,Na,Al)Fe2O4]
A
Ferrite
38
Q
- What is th chemical formula of Magnesiowustite
A
[(Mg,Fe)O]
39
Q
- What is the chemical formula of Ilmenite>
A
[(Fe,Mg)TiO2]
40
Q
- What are the heat Sources in the Earth?
A
- Residual heat when the planet was formed
- Frictional Heat
- Decay of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Elements/Nuclides
41
Q
A
