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Geography y9 > geogrpahy > Flashcards

geogrpahy Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

How are headlands and Bays formed?

A

softer rocks (clay and sand) wear away faster than harder rocks (chalk) Bays form when the waves erode the soft rock but headlands are left jutting out

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2
Q

what happens at a constructive plate boundary?

A

plates moving away from eachother, magma rises between the plates which harders to basalt which forms the new ocean floor

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3
Q

outer core features

A

liquid
made from iron and nickel
second layer

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4
Q

how do caves, arches, stacks & stumps form?

A

a fault opens in the rock which forms a notch due to hydraulic action. The notch is widened into a cave which opens and forms an arch due to waves and erosion. The arch kepps wideneing until the heavy roof collapses to for a stack which leaves a stump when it collapses again

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5
Q

how do volcanic eruptions affect people and property
japan

A

-16,000 people died
- energy lost immeditely because nuclear power plant got destroyed by tsunami
- meltdown on 7 reactors
- caused pollution and damage
-300,000 were left homeless

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6
Q

how does longshore drift occur?

A

waves move in same direction as the prevalling wind washing up eroded material on the beach. Waves that travel back into the sea (backwash) travel in a straight line and in this zig-zag motion material is moved along a coastline

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7
Q

ANTARCTIC TREATY

A

-international agreement to protect the Antarctic
- no countries can own the arctic
- dumping of waste isnt allowed
- fishing is tightly controlled

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8
Q

How do volcantic eruptions affect people and property?
montserrat

A
  • city was covered in ash
  • pyroclastic flow caught trees on fire
  • island was declared an exclusion zone
  • many people lot possesions and jobs
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9
Q

what happens at a destructive plate boundary

A

earthquake
op moves towards the cp then the op (denser plate) is forced under the cp. friction builds up over time and when it is released it causes earthquakes

volcano
as the op descends into the mantle, it melts to form magma which rises through the crack in the cp during an eruption

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10
Q

polar region climate

A
  • extremley cold winters and cool summers
    -low precipitation
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11
Q

fauna adaptatios in the polar regions

A

polar bears
- black skin for warmth
-strong neck and leg muscles for swimmming

penguin
- heavy bones allowing them to stay underwater
-tail used as rudder
- feet held close to body for streamlinig

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12
Q

protecting the tropical rainforest

A

laws and monitoring
government can pass laws making it illegal to deforest certain areas

afforestation
planting more tree in deforested areas

selective logging
only cutting down trees that reach a certain heght

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13
Q

solution definition

A

solube rocks getting dissolved

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14
Q

attrition definition

A

rocks smashing into eachother making them smaller, smoother and more rounded

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15
Q

abrasion definition

A

rocks being picked up by waves and thrown at a cliff, wearing it away

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16
Q

hydrauluc action definition

A

air and water being forced into cracks of the cliff wearing it away

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17
Q

4 types of erosion:

A

hydraulic action
abrasion
attrition
solution

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18
Q

what are geomorphic processes

A

what changes the landscape

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19
Q

what are pyroclastic flows

A

dense, fast flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash and hot gases

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20
Q

how can we prepare for volcanoes

A

evacuation plans
go bag should include torch, battery operated radio and 1st aid kit
warning systems- loud sirens

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21
Q

how can we predict volcanoes

Study These Flashcards
A

seismometers- measure for earthquake activity
lasers- detect for bulging of magma under the crust
tiltmeters- detect changes in mountain size/shape

22
Q

what is subduction

Study These Flashcards
A

when the op is forced under the cp

23
Q

what is formed at a destructive plate boundary

24
Q

continental plate features

Study These Flashcards
A

thicker
made of rocks (granite)

25
oceanic plate features
thinner and denser made of rocks (basalt)
26
crust features
rocky outer layer thinnest layer
27
what do tectonic plates move beacuse of
convection currents
28
what evidence is there that tectonic plates move because of onvection currents
-glacial evidence -fossil evidence -geological evience -continental fit
29
how is a spit formed
when longshore drift continues down a coastline and reaches a gap in the coastline (depositional landform)
30
what are tectonic plates
crust split into large slabs (plates) which float on top of the mantle
31
animal and plant adaptations in the tropical rainforest
drip tips on leaves- allow rainwater to run off without damaging the leaf gorillas- eat vegetation ( fruit and nuts) thick fur that keeps them warm
32
threats of the tropical rainforest
mining soil being removed to get underground to mine out valuable materials. Danerous elements can kill the wildlife logging forest cut down to harvest the wood ten sold for fuel dam building forest cut down and land is farmed until it runs out of nutrients
33
how can you tell if and ageing pyramid has an ageing population
wide top narrow base low birth rate low death rate high life expectancy
34
how can you tell if a pop pyramid has a youthful population?
wide base narrow top high birth rate high death rate low life expectancy
35
benefits of ageing population
- older people contribute to society by volunteering -unpaid hildcare for their grandchildren allowing parents to go to work -contribute to economy by buying goods and services
36
benefits of youthful pop
-available potential workers for the future -generate tax income for the country -more money can be invested in services such as healthcare and education
37
mantle features
semi-molten made of rock thikest layer 3rd layer
38
threats to the polar region
commerial fishing increase in demand for food means that many countries fish on a large scale using large ships resource extraction mining on land/sea isrupts fragile polar areas & oil spills are large touridm increase of littering and disruption to animal species
39
tropical rainforest climate
high temp high rainfall
40
inner core features
very hot dense solid made of iron and nickel first layer
41
problems of youthful pop
-many children reliant on few adults -pressure on working age people and caring responsibilities -more money needed for education and helthcare
42
problems of ageing pop
-small workforce as people have retired -working age people pay more tax to fund elderly care - more caring responsibilities or working age people
43
forced migration
people having to move due to war/natural disasters
44
refugee
forced to move to seek safety in another country
45
voluntary migration
choosing to move from one place to another
46
what was chinas one child policy
- each couple could only have one child bc the government was worried that the population was rapidly inreasing -succesful but caused gender imblance. The government gave women longer maternity leave, better childcare but they also provided disincentives
47
good that the tropical rainforest gives us
paper wood food meat and fish building materials
48
push factors pull factors
war, no jobs, poor quality of life safe,well-paid jobs, cheaper& better housing
49
high pressure low pressure
clea skies & no rain cloudy & rainy
50
services the tropical rainforest gives us
habitats- tree in forest provide habitats to animal life lungs of the planet- trees breathe in c02 and breath out oxygen that we need
51
economic migration
moving for work or better pay

Geography y9 (4 decks)

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