geogrpahy Flashcards
How are headlands and Bays formed?
softer rocks (clay and sand) wear away faster than harder rocks (chalk) Bays form when the waves erode the soft rock but headlands are left jutting out
what happens at a constructive plate boundary?
plates moving away from eachother, magma rises between the plates which harders to basalt which forms the new ocean floor
outer core features
liquid
made from iron and nickel
second layer
how do caves, arches, stacks & stumps form?
a fault opens in the rock which forms a notch due to hydraulic action. The notch is widened into a cave which opens and forms an arch due to waves and erosion. The arch kepps wideneing until the heavy roof collapses to for a stack which leaves a stump when it collapses again
how do volcanic eruptions affect people and property
japan
-16,000 people died
- energy lost immeditely because nuclear power plant got destroyed by tsunami
- meltdown on 7 reactors
- caused pollution and damage
-300,000 were left homeless
how does longshore drift occur?
waves move in same direction as the prevalling wind washing up eroded material on the beach. Waves that travel back into the sea (backwash) travel in a straight line and in this zig-zag motion material is moved along a coastline
ANTARCTIC TREATY
-international agreement to protect the Antarctic
- no countries can own the arctic
- dumping of waste isnt allowed
- fishing is tightly controlled
How do volcantic eruptions affect people and property?
montserrat
- city was covered in ash
- pyroclastic flow caught trees on fire
- island was declared an exclusion zone
- many people lot possesions and jobs
what happens at a destructive plate boundary
earthquake
op moves towards the cp then the op (denser plate) is forced under the cp. friction builds up over time and when it is released it causes earthquakes
volcano
as the op descends into the mantle, it melts to form magma which rises through the crack in the cp during an eruption
polar region climate
- extremley cold winters and cool summers
-low precipitation
fauna adaptatios in the polar regions
polar bears
- black skin for warmth
-strong neck and leg muscles for swimmming
penguin
- heavy bones allowing them to stay underwater
-tail used as rudder
- feet held close to body for streamlinig
protecting the tropical rainforest
laws and monitoring
government can pass laws making it illegal to deforest certain areas
afforestation
planting more tree in deforested areas
selective logging
only cutting down trees that reach a certain heght
solution definition
solube rocks getting dissolved
attrition definition
rocks smashing into eachother making them smaller, smoother and more rounded
abrasion definition
rocks being picked up by waves and thrown at a cliff, wearing it away
hydrauluc action definition
air and water being forced into cracks of the cliff wearing it away
4 types of erosion:
hydraulic action
abrasion
attrition
solution
what are geomorphic processes
what changes the landscape
what are pyroclastic flows
dense, fast flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash and hot gases
how can we prepare for volcanoes
evacuation plans
go bag should include torch, battery operated radio and 1st aid kit
warning systems- loud sirens