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Geography Year 08 2021 > Geography Yr08 Sum1 > Flashcards

Geography Yr08 Sum1 Flashcards

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1
Q

1.1 weather

A

The current atmospheric conditions today, e.g. snow/ sunshine.

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2
Q

1.2 climate

A

The average/expected weather conditions over a long period of time in an area.

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3
Q

1.3 climate zones

A

Different bands around the world sharing similar climatic conditions.

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4
Q

1.4 biomes

A

Large-scale ecosystems with similar plants and animals and climate .

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5
Q

1.5 front

A

Boundary separating two air masses.

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6
Q

1.6 cold front

A

Cold air

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7
Q

1.7 warm front

A

Warm air

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8
Q

1.8 occluded front

A

Mixing cold and warm front

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9
Q

1.9 precipitation

A

Rainfall, snow, sleet, hail

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10
Q

1.1 frontal rain

A

Rain that comes from when two air masses meet, creating unstable conditions.

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11
Q

1.11 relief rain

A

Rain created when air is forced to rise upwards over mountains, cooling.

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12
Q

1.12 convectional rain

A

Rain created by super-heating of the ground during hot weather, causing hot air to rise, then cool.

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13
Q

1.13 air masses

A

Large section of air with similar temperature within it.

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14
Q

1.14 depression

A

Low pressure system, forming unstable conditions, with a warm and a cold front.

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15
Q

1.15 anticyclone

A

High pressure system, with few clouds, and little rain.

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16
Q

1.16 isobars

A

Lines drawn on a map showing areas of equal pressure.

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17
Q

1.17 meteorology

A

The study of the weather and atmosphere, and its forecasting.

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18
Q

1.18 synoptic chart

A

A map used by a meteorologist to show and predict weather.

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19
Q

1.19 microclimate

A

A local set of weather conditions that are different to the surrounding area.

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20
Q

1.2 albedo effect

A

The reflection of heat and light form a lighter surface, causing cooling.

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21
Q

1.21 aspect

A

The direction a slope faces, which impacts the temperature.

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22
Q

1.22 urban heat island

A

The urban area causes more heat than in the surrounding countryside.

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23
Q

1.23 hypothesis

A

An educated prediction tested in an experiment.

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24
Q

2.1 heat

A

Different climate zones exist around the world due to how much heat (insolation) is received from the sun.

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25
Q

2.2 poles

A

This means that the poles are cooler as the sunlight has to travel further and so some energy is lost on the way. This creates an icy environment.

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26
Q

2.3 Equator

A

The Equator is warmest as most of the sun’s energy is concentrated here. This creates a tropical environment.

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27
Q

3.1 frontal rain

A

A warm front and a cold front meet.

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28
Q

3.2 forcing

A

The warm front is forced over the top of the cold front, forcing air to cool and condense, forming clouds and then rainfall.

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29
Q

3.3 unsettled

A

Mixing of fronts creates unsettled weather. E.g. UK

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30
Q

3.4 convectional rain

A

Hot weather super-heats the ground, creating evaporation.

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31
Q

3.5 air rising

A

Hot air rises and cools forming clouds and then precipitation.

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32
Q

3.6 example

A

E.g. SE England in summer

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33
Q

3.7 relief rain

A

Warm, moist air from the Atlantic ocean moves eastwards,

34
Q

3.8 mountain

A

It meets a mountain/ high relief.

35
Q

3.9 example

A

It is forced upwards, where it cools and condenses. It then falls as rain. E.g. NW Scotland.

36
Q

6.1 synoptic chart

A

Synoptic charts show area of high pressure (anticyclones), areas of low pressure (depressions), fronts and the wind.

37
Q

6.2 isobars

A

On synoptic charts the wind levels can be shown how close together the isobars are.

38
Q

6.3 windy

A

Very windy areas have isobars that are close together.

39
Q

6.4 calm

A

Calm areas have isobars that are further apart.

40
Q

6.5 careers

A

To become a meteorologist and study the synoptic charts, you need to have A levels in maths, the sciences or geography, and go to university to study geography, physics or computer science.

41
Q

6.1 carbon dioxide

A

Climate change mitigation looks at ways we can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. There are different ways we can do this including:

42
Q

6.2 renewable energy

A

Using renewable energy sources such as wind, sun and hydro power.

43
Q

6.3 capture

A

Using carbon capture technology which means taking the carbon dioxide that we emit, out of the atmosphere and storing it underground.

44
Q

6.4 planting trees

A

Or by planting more trees as these trees will take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis.

45
Q

7.1 reduce

A

We are already seeing the effects of climate change, and need to be able to adapt to reduce the impact There are different ways we can adapt including:

46
Q

7.2 infrastructure

A

Improving our infrastructure such as buildings and roads so they can withstand floods and extreme weather.

47
Q

7.3 agriculture

A

Changes in agriculture so that crops that we grow can survive in extreme conditions e.g. drought

48
Q

7.4 mangroves

A

Replanting mangroves as they acts as a natural barrier, protecting coastlines.

49
Q

7.5 alerts

A

Using emergency alert systems, which warn people if there is a storm or wildfire.

50
Q

8.1 Fossil fuels

A

When humans burn fossil fuels, they release greenhouse gases.

51
Q

8.2 Trapped

A

These unnaturally thicken the natural greenhouse layer around our planet, meaning less of the sun’s heat is reflected back out to Space, and more in trapped in Earth.

52
Q

8.3 Temperature

A

The Earth’s temperature rises as a result.

53
Q

1.1 climate change

A

The long term shift in the planet’s weather patterns and average temperatures.

54
Q

1.2 greenhouse effect

A

The natural trapping of heat in Earth by a layer of gases (carbon dioxide and methane)

55
Q

1.3 enhanced greenhouse effect

A

Humans have added to the layer of gases, causing more heat to be trapped inside Earth.

56
Q

1.4 greenhouse gas

A

A gas that absorbs heat, e.g. carbon dioxide.

57
Q

1.5 carbon dioxide

A

A greenhouse gas. Too much on our atmosphere changes Earth’s temperatures

58
Q

1.6 methane

A

A greenhouse gas. 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide

59
Q

1.7 human causes

A

A man-made cause of climate change e.g. burning fossil fuels

60
Q

1.8 physical causes

A

A natural cause of climate change e.g. sunspots

61
Q

1.9 fossil fuels

A

Coal/oil/gas

62
Q

1.1 global warming

A

A rise in global temperatures caused by an enhanced greenhouse effect

63
Q

1.11 sunspots

A

Areas on the sun’s surface that create higher temperatures on Earth

64
Q

1.12 orbital geometry

A

Changes in the Earth’s tilt and orbit of the sun that effect Earth’s temperature

65
Q

1.13 agriculture

A

Farming crops or animals.

66
Q

1.14 ocean acidification

A

When carbon dioxide is dissolved in the ocean making it more acidic.

67
Q

1.15 mitigation

A

Ways to prevent climate change by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

68
Q

1.16 sustainable

A

Can be continued for a long time without impacting current generation or future generation.

69
Q

1.17 renewable energy

A

Energy that comes from natural sources that won’t run out e.g. wind power.

70
Q

1.18 carbon capture

A

Taking carbon out of the atmosphere and storing it underground

71
Q

1.19 carbon footprint

A

How much carbon you emit as an individual.

72
Q

1.2 adaptation

A

Ways of reducing the impacts of climate change.

73
Q

1.21 infrastructure

A

Buildings/roads/power supplies.

74
Q

2.1 volcanic activity

A

Volcanic eruptions cause gases and ash to be released into the atmosphere, this can cause heating or cooling of the Earth.

75
Q

2.2 orbital geometry

A

The Earth’s orbit of the sun moves from an elliptical (oval) to a circular shape every 100,000 years. This along with changes in the tilt of the Earth means more of the sun’s energy reaches Earth, causing temperatures to rise.

76
Q

2.3 sunspots

A

Sunspot activity increases/decreases the energy given off by the sun. The more sun spots the higher the temperature.

77
Q

3.1 fossil fuels

A

Burning fossil fuels such oil and gas to power cars and factories releases carbon dioxide.

78
Q

3.2 agriculture

A

Cattle farming leads to the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas

79
Q

3.3 deforestation

A

Deforestation which is the cutting down of trees, leads to more carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere and less taken out of the atmosphere through photosynthesis.

80
Q

4.1 warmer oceans

A

As ocean temperatures rise, the water expands causing sea levels to rise. Rising temperatures will also cause ice sheets to melt which will also contribute to rising sea levels .This will lead to flooding of certain areas, causing people to relocate.

81
Q

4.2 ocean acidification

A

More carbon dioxide will be dissolved into our oceans causing ocean acidification. This will damage ocean ecosystems and impact food chains.

82
Q

4.3 extreme weather

A

As temperatures rise, more extreme weather events will occur such as severe storms, drought and flooding. This will impact our ability to grow food.

Geography Year 08 2021 (3 decks)

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