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Geography Year 08 2021 > Geography Y08 Spr1 > Flashcards

Geography Y08 Spr1 Flashcards

1
Q

1.1 Development

A

The process of improving a country and making citizens wealthier

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2
Q

1.2 Quality of life

A

People’s access to education and healthcare is high so they have a good well-being

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3
Q

1.3 LICs

A

Low income countries (Kenya)

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4
Q

1.4 HICs

A

High Income Countries (UK)

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5
Q

1.5 NEEs

A

Newly Emerging Economy (Nigeria)

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6
Q

1.6 Development Indicator

A

A measurement of development

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7
Q

1.7 GDP per capita

A

Gross Domestic Product, per person. (Money made per person)

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8
Q

1.8 HDI

A

Human Development Index- development indicator

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9
Q

1.9 Life expectancy

A

The age a person can expect to live to

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10
Q

1.1 Literacy rate

A

The percentage of adults aged over 15 who can read and write in a country.

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11
Q

1.11 Birth rate

A

The number of live births per 1,000, per year

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12
Q

1.12 Death rate

A

The number of deaths per 1,000 per year

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13
Q

1.13 Infant mortality rate

A

The number of babies that can expect to die before their 1st birthday, per 1,000, per year.

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14
Q

1.14 Calorie intake

A

The average number of calories per person, per day

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15
Q

1.15 Development gap

A

The difference between rich and poor areas/countries

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16
Q

1.16 Trade

A

Exchanging good and services between countries, for money

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17
Q

1.17 debt

A

Owing a country money

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18
Q

1.18 Interest

A

The amount paid back on top of the cost of the loan

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19
Q

1.19 aid

A

Free money or help given to close the development gap

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20
Q

1.2 Debt cycle

A

Being in debt, unable to pay the money back, take out a loan, owe more money

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21
Q

1.21 Sustainable development

A

Meeting the needs of the present generation without affecting the needs of the future.

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22
Q

1.22 Sustainable Development Goals

A

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals created by the UN to close the development gap around the world.

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23
Q

1.23 Bilateral aid

A

One country giving aid to another, e.g. UK to Ghana

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24
Q

1.24 Multilateral aid

A

An organisation like the UN giving aid to a country

25
Q

1.25 NGO

A

Non-governmental Organisation- charity like Water Aid/Oxfam

26
Q

1.26 Brandt Line

A

The invisible line dividing up the rich north and poor south of the world

27
Q

2.1 Development gap

A

Different countries develop at different rates which is called the development gap.

28
Q

2.2 Categories

A

They are categorised into High, Middle and Low development levels

29
Q

2.3 HICs

A

High Income Countries (HICs) like the UK and Canada

30
Q

2.4 NEEs

A

Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs) like Nigeria and China

31
Q

2.5 LICs

A

Low income Countries (LICs) like Chad and Kenya.

32
Q

2.6 Measuring

A

Measuring development is done using development indicators which can measure social development or economic development, or both.

33
Q

2.7 Social

A

Social indicators measure healthcare and education, e.g. literacy rate and life expectancy.

34
Q

2.8 Economic

A

Economic indicators measure wealth, like GDP or GNI.

35
Q

2.9 Composite indicators

A

Some indicators measure both; these are called composite indicators like the HDI.

36
Q

1.1 Mapping

A

The development gap can be mapped on the world using an indicator like GDP per capita.

37
Q

1.2 Brandt Line

A

This maps an average of the rich north, poor south, which is known as the Brandt Line.

38
Q

1.3 NEEs

A

However because some countries are in between (NEEs), this means the Brandt Line isn’t perfect.

39
Q

1.4 China

A

China for example is in the poor south, but it has the second largest economy in the world. Should China be in the north?

40
Q

5.1 Solutions

A

To move countries out of poverty, different solutions are needed from within the country, from other countries and from organisations like the UN.

41
Q

5.2 Cancellation

A

Debt cancellation is one method to close the gap.

42
Q

5.3 Causes

A

Debt is caused by: LICs borrow money from governments/ the World Bank to develop.

43
Q

5.4 Money

A

The country can now afford to build a factory and earn money.

44
Q

5.5 Undeveloped

A

However, it is still undeveloped.

45
Q

5.6 Interest

A

It has to pay back the loan, with interest.

46
Q

5.7 Cost

A

This costs a lot of money and leaves nothing for development (hospitals/ schools).

47
Q

5.8 Loans

A

The country takes out further loans to do this, and the cycle continues.

48
Q

5.9 social

A

Cancelling the debt means that countries can afford to spend money on education and hospitals instead.

49
Q

5.1 HIPC

A

The HIPC scheme enables countries to do this, and cancels all debt, including interest on the loans, so they move away from being LICs.

50
Q

6.1 Aid

A

Another solution is by giving countries aid, either through bilateral aid, multilateral, Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) or for disaster relief (emergency aid).

51
Q

6.2 Close gap

A

This gives countries the money, skills or tools to close the development gap and move away from being LICs.

52
Q

6.3 Invest

A

Therefore they can invest in schools and hospitals.

53
Q

6.4 Time of aid

A

Some types of aid are longer-term, whilst others are shorter-term.

54
Q

6.5 No reliance

A

This means countries don’t always rely on aid for a long time.

55
Q

7.4 WaterAid

A

An NGO like Water Aid gives communities in Sierra Leone water pumps to give them clean water.

56
Q

7.5 school

A

This increases life expectancy and girls can go to school.

57
Q

7.1 Long-lasting

A

Sustainable development is long-lasting and aims to helps future generations as well as current ones.

58
Q

7.2 SDGs

A

The SDGs aim to cover 17 areas of development for a better world, like reducing poverty and child mortality.

59
Q

7.3 UN

A

They were developed by the UN and every country has adopted them, to work together to close the development gap.

Geography Year 08 2021 (3 decks)

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