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Geography yearly > Geography Yearly Exam > Flashcards

Geography Yearly Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What are landscapes?

A

the physical elements of the earth’s surface and the human activity that is part of it

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2
Q

What are landforms?

A

the natural features of the earth’s surface

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3
Q

What is a managed environment?

A

human- altered landscape dominated by natural features. eg, farms.

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4
Q

What is a constructed environment?

A

a fully human-designed space, created for specific functions

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5
Q

What is a biophysical environment?

A

natural environment formed by ecological processes

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6
Q

What is weathering?

A

the chemical or physical breakdown of rock into smaller pieces that do not undergo transport

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7
Q

What is erosion?

A

the transporting of material that has been weathered (from one place to another_

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8
Q

What is deposition?

A

the process by which eroded material is added to a landscape

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9
Q

How do Indigenous cultures value the land differently?

A
  • View it as something living and sacred.
  • Believe the land is deeply connected to their identity.
  • Instead of using it for profit or resources, they focus on taking care of it.
  • Their relationship, give and take.
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10
Q

What is a sacred site?

A

places within a landscape that holds a special spiritual and cultural significance for a particual person or group.

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11
Q

What is a spit?

A

an extended stretch of beach material extending into water. they are formed when prevailing wind blows at an angle to the coastline (longshore drift)

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12
Q

What is a tombolo?

A

a sand or shingle ridge connecting an island to the mainland

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13
Q

What is a lagoon?

A

shallow coastal bodies of water near a sea or ocean, seperated by a series of barrier islands.

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14
Q

How are coastal landorms formed?

A

by waves, tides and currents that erode and depostit materials along the shoreline, forming features like, cliffs, beaches and sand dunes.

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15
Q

What is longshore drift?

A

where waves hit the shore at an angle, carryiing sand and other materials sideways along the coast. as waves wash up and recede they move sediament in a zig-zag pattern, gradually transporting it down the beach.

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16
Q

Why do waves break?

A

when friction slows their base in shallow water, casusing the top to collapse forward.

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17
Q

How can humans alter landscapes (examples)?

A

Agriculture, Transport, Mining, Forestry

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18
Q

What is an urban landscpae made up of?

A

buildings, roads, parks

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19
Q

How do humans impact landscapes?

A

Urbanisation, agriculture and deforestation, lead to habitat loss biodiversity decline, and changes in natural processes. pollution also degrades air, water and soil quality.

20
Q

What is land degradation?

A

the decline in land quality and productivity due to human activities or natural processes. resulting in soil erosion, loss of vegetation.

21
Q

What is a National park?

A

a protected area for conserving nature and wildlife

22
Q

Prohibited activites include…

A

hunting, littering and logging

23
Q

how does a place become world-heritage listed?

A

when it’s nominated by its country, evaluated by UNESCO experts and meets the criteria of outstanding cultural or natural value.

24
Q

Why is the Grand Canyon on the World Heritage List?

A

exceptional natural beauty, geological significance, and rich biodiversity

25
Q

What is sustainability?

A

the capacity of the environment to continue to support out lives and the lives of other livivng creatures into the future.

26
Q

How do Indigenous people manage their land sustainably?

A

(by working with natural cycles and maintaining ecosystems). Fire management- prevent bushfires and promote plant growth. Crop rotation- maintain soil health

27
Q

Geomorphic hazards include…

A

Earthquake, musdslides, avalanche, volcanoes, tsunamis

28
Q

What are geomorphic hazards?

A

hazards originating form the lithosphere

29
Q

Why do geomorphic hazards occur and what is the impact?

A

due to tectonic shirts and erosion, they damage land, displace people and harm ecosystems.

30
Q

Tsunamis, how?

A

triggered by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, displacing large volumes of water that flood and devastate coastal areas.

31
Q

Tsunamis, when?

A

Usually after underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, around the ‘Ring of Fire;

32
Q

Tsunamis, impacts?

A

coastal flooding, destruction of habitats, infrastructure damage, and water contamination.

33
Q

Tsunamis, management?

A

Early warning systems, public education, coastal defenses, and post-event rescue and recovery, restoring infrastructure.

34
Q

What are contour lines?

A

Gradient=Rise/Run

35
Q

Grid Reference?

A

6-digit

36
Q

Area Reference?

A

4-digit

37
Q

Parts of a coastal landscape?

A

Arch, cliff, headland, stack, ocean, spit, tombolo

38
Q

(ESEA) What is economic?

A

tourism, support agriculture and real estate (contributes to economy)

39
Q

(ESEA) What is cultural?

A

hold sacred meanign, fostering a connection, healing and reflection

40
Q

(ESEA) What is emotional?

A

deep emotional bonds tied to personal and cultural meanings, well-beign and belonging

41
Q

(ESEA) What is aesthetic?

A

visually appealing that evokes feelings of wonder and inspiration.

42
Q

What are groynes?

A

rigid hydraulic structures that slow down byshore drift

43
Q

What are seawalls?

A

hard engineered structures that absord the power of waves

44
Q

What are ripraps?

A

permanent layers of large rock that protct soil adn sand from erodign

45
Q

What is sand replenishment?

A

when sand is added to a landscape

46
Q
A

Geography yearly (2 decks)

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