Geography- Year 9 Flashcards
Food security
A state where all people at all times have access to enough safe, nutritious food to sustain a healthy life.
About 870 million people don’t have food security
Food availability
People have enough food of appropriate quality available on a consistent basis
Food insecurity
Relying solely on one single crop
Strategies include - many different crops and management of fishing and fishing industries to ensure food security
Food accessibility
Means physical and economic access to food
Food need to be available but also in reach of those who need it.
Food is not distributed evenly
Developed countries have more than needed
Developing don’t
Knowledge and resources to used food security
Means using food safely and applying knowledge appropriately eg. China uses insects properly making them safe to eat and nutritious
Poverty impacting food security
People in poverty struggle to meet everyday needs
A high percentage of their income goes to food
If price of food suddenly increases they are no longer able to afford it
Natural disastrous
Drought or floods
Rely on agriculture for food and natural disasters an ruin crops and food
Human activities
Such as armed conflicts can interrupt usual markets and food supply lines or land being used for growing crops may be used for other purposes
Water scarcity
Lack of access to safe water
Increasing demand for water
Population growth puts increased demand on lakes and rivers
Industrial development and increases in households means more water
Changing rainfall and warmer temps
Rapid melting of glaciers mean less water
Climate change
Main cause of global warming is rising CO2 from fuel.
Changes in the atmosphere effect water and land that is used for growing crops
Drought means not enough water, increased rain means crops can be flooded
Farming areas in Africa are expected to become dryer without the African desert expected to spread
Change in rainfall will affect Asia’s river deltas which grow rice and provide food security for 1 billion
Threats from non-native plants, animals and insects
Major threat is the introduction of arrival of non-native species known as IAS(invasive alien species)
These can compete with native species for sun, water, food, nutrients and soil nutrients
Can accidentally be introduced by humans or deliberately to tackle a problem
Cane toad was introduced to Australia to control pest but now has caused major damage
Competition for land
Threatened by land being used for other purposes other then growing food
Development of rural areas for housing is competition
Houses are often built on the best land for growing crops
Farmland is sometimes taken over for tourism and recreation facilities
Urban sprawl
As cities and grow farmland and rural spaces are taken over and turned into new suburbs. It is the spread of cities outwards
The use of land for fuel
Some countries such as Brazil use their land for fuel
Biofuels are fuels made from natural matter
Marginal farming land is likely converted for growing biofuels crops. This is often the land poorer farmers use to feed their families.
Growing biofuels pushes up food prices making it less accessible
Armed conflict
Can result in widespread food shortages and long term famine
International aid may get killed or chat access these communities while trying to help
Government may purposely keep food away from opposition and those who support them
Land mines are planted making it dangerous
Irrigation system and water is sometimes poisoned
Young farmers are forced to fight
