geography y9t1 Flashcards
What is Geography?
The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources and political and economic activities.
What is a Place?
A particular position, point, or area in space; a location.
What is Space?
A continuous area or expanse which is free, available, or unoccupied.
What is Interconnection?
A mutual connection between two or more things.
What is Globalisation?
Globalization is the connection of different parts of the world, resulting in the expansion of international cultural, economic, and political activities.
What is Sustainability?
The practice of using natural resources responsibly, so they can support both present and future generations.
What is the Global supply chain?
The journey travelled by clothing, food items and other products through different factories, suppliers and warehouses before ending up as the finished product we buy in shops.
What is a Rural/remote area?
‘Remote and rural’ describes all areas outside Australia’s major cities.
What is a Major city?
Significant urban centres that typically serve as economic, cultural, and political hubs within a region.
What are Primary jobs?
Jobs that involve getting raw materials from the natural environment, e.g., mining, farming, and fishing.
What are Secondary jobs?
Jobs that involve making things (manufacturing), e.g., making cars and steel.
What are Tertiary jobs?
Jobs that involve providing a service, e.g., teaching and nursing.
What is Social sustainability?
A process for creating sustainable successful places that promote wellbeing, by understanding what people need from the places they live and work.
What is Inclusion?
The act of including someone or something as part of a group, list, etc., or a person or thing that is included.
What is the Digital divide?
The unequal access to digital technology, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the internet.
What is GNP?
Gross national product (GNP) is the total value of all the final goods and services made by a nation’s economy in a specific time (usually a year).
What is Infrastructure?
The basic facilities and system serving a country, region, or community.
What is GDP?
The total value of goods and services produced in a country, per year.
What is GDP per capita?
Gross Domestic Product per person, calculated by dividing a country’s total economic output (GDP) by its population.
What is ICT?
Information and communication technology, covering all technical means used to handle information and aid communication.
What is a place?
A location with meaning, shaped by physical and human factors.
What is space?
The arrangement of places and how they are connected.
What are some characteristics of important places?
Climate, population, culture, economy, and historical significance.
Define globalisation
The increasing connection of people, businesses, and governments worldwide.
Give an example of a product a local business sells from another place.
Coffee shops sell beans imported from Brazil.
Give an example of a service a local business buys from another place.
A company outsources customer service to India.
How has trade changed interconnections between places over time?
Improved transport and technology have made trade faster and more global.
What was the Silk Road?
A network of trade routes connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa.
When was the Silk Road established?
Around 130 BCE during the Han Dynasty.
Why was the Silk Road created?
To trade goods like silk, spices, and precious metals.
How was the Silk Road made?
It developed over time through established trade paths and political alliances.
Name 5 facts about the Silk Road.
- It wasn’t a single road. 2. It spread religions like Buddhism. 3. It helped share inventions like paper. 4. It declined after sea trade increased. 5. The Black Death spread through it.
How does transport affect people’s connections to services?
Better transport improves access to education, jobs, and healthcare.
How does transport shape perceptions of a place?
Efficient transport makes places feel more connected, while poor transport can create isolation.
Give an example of how transport connects people to goods and services.
Cotton is transported from farms to factories, then turned into clothing.
How do information networks connect people to services?
The internet allows people to access online banking, shopping, and healthcare.
How do communication networks support collaboration?
People can work together remotely using emails, video calls, and cloud services.
Why do some countries have better internet access than others?
Factors include infrastructure, government policies, and economic development.
How does internet access vary within countries?
Rural areas often have slower internet due to fewer resources.
How do technologies connect people to services?
Smartphones allow people to access maps, transport apps, and customer support.
How do technologies connect people to other people?
Social media and messaging apps allow instant global communication.
How has technology helped businesses provide global services?
Companies operate call centers in different time zones to offer 24/7 support.
Define e-waste.
Electronic waste from discarded devices like phones and computers.
What are the environmental effects of e-waste?
Pollution, toxic chemicals, and soil and water contamination.
How does the supply chain of products affect the environment?
Raw material extraction and production generate emissions and waste.
What sustainability issues come from waste management?
Landfills overflow, recycling is inefficient, and toxic waste harms ecosystems.
How does mining affect Australia’s environment?
It causes deforestation, water pollution, and habitat destruction.
What are some social impacts of mining in Australia?
It creates jobs but also disrupts Indigenous communities and uses a lot of water.
How can mining impacts be minimized?
Using stricter environmental policies, land rehabilitation, and sustainable practices.
Name a strategy to reduce mining impacts.
Creating a poster to raise awareness about responsible mining.
What are the types of tourism?
Cultural, adventure, ecotourism, and business tourism.
How does tourism impact places?
It can boost economies but also harm the environment and cultures.
What are some benefits of tourism?
Increases jobs, income, and cultural exchange.
What are some negative impacts of tourism?
Overcrowding, pollution, and loss of local traditions.
How does transport impact tourism?
Better transport makes destinations more accessible and increases tourism.
How does technology support tourism?
Online bookings, virtual tours, and GPS navigation improve the tourist experience.
What is sustainable tourism?
Tourism that minimizes environmental and cultural harm.
What is an example of sustainable tourism?
Eco-lodges that use solar power and support local communities.
How has globalisation affected tourism?
Easier travel and online information have increased international tourism.
What is an example of a global business service?
A company in the US hiring a customer support center in the Philippines.
How do communication networks benefit businesses?
They allow companies to work with international partners efficiently.
What are the advantages of having a global business network?
Faster trade, better communication, and wider customer reach.
How does the Silk Road compare to modern global trade?
Both connect different regions, but modern trade is faster and more digital.
What role does technology play in trade today?
It enables online transactions, automated logistics, and digital marketing.
What are some modern challenges in global trade?
Trade wars, environmental concerns, and unequal access to resources.
What is mining?
The process or industry of obtaining coal or other minerals from a mine.
How is mining connected to the rest of the world?
Mining is a global industry, with many countries extracting minerals and exporting them for manufacturing and energy production.
What are the environmental impacts of mining?
Mining causes deforestation, air and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and soil degradation. It can also produce toxic waste
How does farming contribute to global trade?
Australian farms export livestock and crops worldwide. However, farming also produces methane emissions that contribute to climate change.
How does farming impact the environment?
Farming leads to deforestation, soil erosion, pollution from fertilizers, and loss of biodiversity. Over-farming can reduce soil fertility.
What are the main forestry products?
Timber (for construction and furniture), wood chips (for paper), and bark (for mulch).
How does deforestation affect biodiversity?
Deforestation destroys habitats, leading to the loss of plant and animal species. Over 1900 species are at risk due to habitat destruction.
How is forestry connected to industries?
Forestry supports paper, furniture, and construction industries, which source wood from multiple countries as part of global supply chains.
What are the effects of manufacturing on the environment?
Manufacturing contributes to pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, water waste, and deforestation for production facilities.
How does manufacturing connect people globally?
Manufacturing takes place in different countries, often with low-wage labor, and products are shipped worldwide for consumption.
What are the economic benefits of mining?
Mining creates jobs, attracts investment, and boosts economic activity, but can also harm the environment.
How does farming manage waste?
Farming waste is managed through reducing food waste, using no-till agriculture, and repurposing animal waste for biogas.
What are sustainable forestry practices?
Sustainable forestry includes replanting trees, recycling wood waste into paper and pellets, and controlled burns to reduce excess biomass.
How is manufacturing waste managed?
Manufacturing waste is managed by recycling materials like plastics into polyester and repurposing production scraps.
Why is responsible resource use important?
Sustainable resource use helps reduce environmental damage, protects biodiversity, and ensures long-term availability of natural resources
What is e-waste?
E-waste (electronic waste) refers to discarded electronic devices like phones, computers, and televisions that are no longer in use.
Why is e-waste a problem?
E-waste contains toxic materials like lead and mercury, which can pollute the environment if not disposed of properly. It also contributes to excessive landfill waste.
How can e-waste be managed sustainably?
E-waste can be managed through recycling programs, refurbishing old electronics, and safely extracting valuable materials like gold and copper for reuse.
