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Y6 Summer exams > Geography - Water Cycle, Rivers, Flooding > Flashcards

Geography - Water Cycle, Rivers, Flooding Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gas that is produced when the water droplets are evaporated?

A

Water Vapour

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2
Q

What is the largest river in the uk?

A

The Severn- 220 miles, the source is the Cambrian Mountains in wales.

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3
Q

What is the longest river in the world?

A

River Nile in africa

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4
Q

Name the key word that is used for the start of a river

A

Source

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5
Q

Name the key word used to describe the end of a river.

A

Mouth

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6
Q

Name the world’s tallest waterfall.

A

Angel falls in Venezuela. 800 meters (2624 feet!)

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7
Q

Name the longest river in Europe

A

The Volga river, Russia

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8
Q

What is the difference between the longest and the largest river.

A

The longest river travels the farthest. From source to mouth it covers the greatest distance.The largest river is usually the wider and deeper river.

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9
Q

What do we call the rain or sleet or snow or hail that falls from clouds?

A

Precipitation

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10
Q

When water evoporates from plants, what is this called?

A

Transpiration

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11
Q

What part of the plant takes in the water to grow

A

The Roots

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12
Q

Where, on the plant, does Transpiration happen?

A

Small holes from the underside of the leaf

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13
Q

Define Evaporation

A

Water is HEATED by the sun.
The water turns into a GAS called WATER VAPOUR which RISES into the atmosphere.

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14
Q

What does Precipitation mean?

A

The water droplets become bigger and heavier and start to fall from the sky as rain, hails, sleet or snow depending on the temperature.

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15
Q

What does Infiltration mean?

A

Water soaks into the soil

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16
Q

When water hits land, some of it flows into rivers. What is this known as?

A

Surface Runoff

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17
Q

What do we call water vapour that cools in the sky and turns back into a liquid?

A

Condensation

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18
Q

What do we call water that flows through the rocks underground?

A

Groundwater Flow

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19
Q

What is the name for this entire process?

A

The Water Cycle

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20
Q

What is the name given to water moving around the Earth?

A

The Water Cycle or The Hydrological Cycle

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21
Q

What process turns ice to water?

A

Melting

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22
Q

What process turns water to water vapour (gas)?

A

Evaporation

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23
Q

What process turns water vapour (gas) to water?

A

Condensation

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24
Q

What process turns water to ice?

A

Freezing

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25
Q

Define evaporation.

A

Evaporation is when liquid water turns into water vapour gas without boiling

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26
Q

Define condensation.

A

Condensation is when water vapour gas cools down and turns into liquid water.

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27
Q

When water vapour cools it rises. When it turns back into a liquid what does it create?

A

Clouds.

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28
Q

Define precipitation.

A

Rain, hail, sleet or snow.

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29
Q

Define transpiration.

A

Evaporation from vegetation. Normally the underside of the leaf.

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30
Q

Define infiltration.

A

Water soaking through the soil.

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31
Q

Define surface runoff.

A

Water moving over the surface of the Earth back to the river or sea.

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32
Q

Define ground water flow.

A

Water moving underground back to the sea or river.

33
Q

Define a water store. Give examples.

A

Where water is held. Sea, river, clouds, vegetation.

34
Q

Define interception.

A

When leaves catch rain drops.

35
Q

Define permeable.

A

Lets water through

36
Q

Define impermeable.

A

Doesn’t let water through

37
Q

Define watershed.

A

The edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin. It marks the boundary between two drainage basins.

38
Q

Define tributary.

A

Smaller stream entering a larger river

39
Q

Define mouth.

A

Where the water enters the sea

40
Q

Define drainage basin.

A

An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

41
Q

Define confluence.

A

Where two rivers meet

42
Q

Define source.

A

The beginning of a river

43
Q

Define river channel.

A

Where the river flows

44
Q

Name the 4 types of erosion.

A

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution

45
Q

Define erosion.

A

Break down or wearing away of material.

46
Q

Define hydraulic action.

A

He is the power of the water hitting the bed and banks all the time. Water is forced into cracks and eventually they break up.

47
Q

Define abrasion.

A

He is the rocks being thrown at the banks within the waves. Pebbles and sand on the river bed are picked up by the water and thrown.

48
Q

Define solution (erosion).

A

He is the rocks being dissolved by water. The river can be slightly acidic because of the salt in the water.

49
Q

Define attrition.

A

He is the rocks rubbing and breaking against each other. Rocks on the river bed rub against each other. They also rub against the banks, gradually wearing it down.

50
Q

Define transportation.

A

Movement of material.

51
Q

Name the 4 types of transportation.

A

Traction, saltation, solution and suspension.

52
Q

Define traction.

A

Traction – where large rocks and boulders are rolled along the river bed.

53
Q

Define saltation.

A

Saltation – where smaller stones are bounced along the river bed in a leap frogging motion

54
Q

Define suspension.

A

Suspension – where very small grains of sand or silt are carried along with the water

55
Q

Define solution (transportation).

A

Solution – where some material is dissolved (like sugar in a cup of tea) and is carried downstream.

56
Q

Rivers carry different sized material. Put these 4 into size order. Smallest first. Small stone, sand, silt and pebbles.

A

Silt, sand, small pebbles and pebbles.

57
Q

What would I find on the upper course of a river?

A

Source, Tributaries, confluence, Steep land, erosion, hilly, waterfall

58
Q

What would I find on the middle course of a river?

A

Flattening out, floodplains, deposition,

59
Q

What would I find on the lower course of a river?

A

Less energy, depsoition, wide river, flood plains

60
Q

How do humans use rivers?

A

Washing, cleaning, water sports, fishing

61
Q

Waterfall formation: Name a soft rock.

A

Clay

62
Q

Waterfall formation: Name a hard rock.

A

Whinstone or limestone

63
Q

Waterfall formation. Fill in the gaps.The weak rock is ……………………………… the hard rock. The weak rock is eroded fastest leaving an …………………………….

A

underneathe. Overhang.

64
Q

Waterfall formation. Fill in the gaps. At the bottom of the waterfall is the ……………………………. It is made deeper by the force of the water through …………………………. …………………………

A

Plunge pool. Hydraulic Action

65
Q

Why does the plunge pool get deeper over time?

A

The overhang collapses adding material into the plunge pool. This then causes abrasion which will wear away at the river bed causing it to get deeper. Also, hydraulic action will break down the river banks and further increasing the undercutting.

66
Q

When the waterfall moves backwards over time. What does it leave behind?

A

Gorge.

67
Q

Describe what a gorge looks like.

A

Steep sides are left as the river retreats.

68
Q

What is a meander?

A

A bend in the river

69
Q

What will a river typically bend around?

A

a tree or hard rock.

70
Q

A river will bend around something in its course. What does this result in?

A

Areas of slower and faster water.

71
Q

Does the river flow fastest on the inside or outside bend?

A

outside

72
Q

On the fastest flow of the river, what erosional processes happen?

A

hydraulic action and abrasion

73
Q

Does the river flow slowest on the inside or outside bend?

A

inside

74
Q

What process(s) happen on the inside bend of the river, where water flows the slowest?

A

depostion

75
Q

The meander gets more ‘loopy’ over time. Eventually the river will take a shortcut. What is created?

A

oxbow lake.

76
Q

Name the 6 steps on ‘why we get floods’.

A
  1. Lots of rain falls for a long time. 2. The ground gets soaked. 3. The water cant infiltrate into the ground. 4. More rain runs over the ground and into the river. 5. The water comes up over the banks of the river. 6. The river floods.
77
Q

Describe some consequences of flooding.

A

Animals are downed and crops washed away. In some poorer countries, the water spreads rubbish and germs. Large numbers of trees are damaged by rushing water. In some countries, drinking water becomes dirty and makes people ill. Public buildings are built on stilts.

78
Q

Describe some causes of flooding.

A

“More tributaries a river has, the greater the chance of flooding. In Bangladesh the land is flat and low-lying. Built up areas: rain can’t soak through concrete.
Instead, the rain that falls on our streets drains and is usually carried to the river. If the drains are blocked streets can flood quickly – even if they are not near the river. Steep slopes: rain will run down a steep slope quickly – before it has had a chance to soak through the ground. Some areas have impermeable rock (granite) underneath the soil. So the rain can’t soak down and runs over ground instead. Heavy rain. Soggy soil: if there has been a lot of rain lately, the soil will be soggy already. So when more rain arrives, it can’t soak away. The government has to spend a lot on emergency aid and has little left to spend on flood control. In Bangladesh: every spring the rivers carry large volumes of water from thawing snow in the Himalayan mountains. Tree roots take in lots of water from the soil. Cutting them down will increase the risk of flooding. The flat flood plain is flat land surrounding the river. If you live on the flood plain, beware! You are at risk from flooding.”

Y6 Summer exams (5 decks)

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