Geography-Water

Question 1

What has happen on the Aswan Dam?

Answer 1

The Aswan Dam was built in the 1960s to prevent streamflow downstream but has negative impacts as it is estimated that Lake Nasser has evaporative losses of 10 to 16 billion cubic metres a year-20% of water volume in the Nile.

Question 2

What were Physical/human factors in the Brazil 2014/2015 drought?

Answer 2

Some Physical/human factors in the Brazil drought were:
* rural communities illegally gained access to groundwater aquifers as it costed $3000 to gain licence to drill wells.This cauased 25 million illegal bareholders across Brazil.
* High pressure systems blocked the rain bearing low pressure from reaching Brazil leading to Brazil remaining dry.

Question 3

What were the physical causes of the Austrailan 2019 droughts?

Answer 3

• The Indian Ocean Dipole was one of the causes ofthe Australian Drought in 2019 as decrease temperatures in the sea surface leads to less evaporation and less rain forming.
• Forest fires
• Australia relies on aquifers on 30% of it’s water.

Question 4

What were the human causes of the Austrailan 2019 droughts?

Answer 4

• Climate change.
• Overabstraction of groundwater as the rates of grounndwater extraction across Australia have increased by 100% between the early 1980s and the early 2000s.
• Deforestation.

Question 5

What were the impacts of the Australian 2019 Drought?

Answer 5

• Bush fires struck across Australia which stretched across an estimated 10 million hectares of land.
• level record heat as it reached 1.52°C above the long-term average.
• Wildfires burnt a total of 18 million hectares- twice the size of the UK and caused $100 billion (AUD) in economic losses.

Question 6

What was the meteorlogical cause of the Northern England December 2015 flooding?

Answer 6

The metereological cause of the flooding was the position of the jet stream which determines the direction of depressions and their speed of movements.

Question 7

What are the human causes of the Northern England December 2015 flooding?

Answer 7

• Changing landuse-farmers have changed the landscape from forests to grasslands which reduces the amount of water absorbed during an high rainfall event.
• Mismanaging rivers - combination of raised riverbanks, pumping stations and diversion channels may only reduce these extreme storms and may become overwhelmed.

Question 8

What were some impacts of the Northern England England 2015 flooding?

Answer 8

• 61,000 hoomes lost power.
• 5,200 homes flooded.
• cost of flooding in Cumbria was £400 million in 2015
• Insurance claimed in 2015 flooding exceeded £6 billion.
• Honister Pass recorded 341.4 mm of rain in just 24 hours.

Question 9

What is the African Great Green Wall Project?
How has the project reduce the spread of the Sahara Desert?

Answer 9

The African Great Green Wall aims to reduce the spread of the Sahara by creating a wall of trees throughout the Sahel.
This project has reduced the impacts of the spread of the Sahara by:
* Project rehabilitated 300,000 hectares of land.
* half moons with diameter of 4.5 metres wide.
* Half moons were created in order ot retain water which then feeds plants.