Geography-Coasts Flashcards
How fast is sea levels rising in Kiribati Islands?
How has the high sea level rise impacting Kirbati Islands?
- Sea levels are rising here at a rate of 1.2 cm per year which is way above the global average of 0.4 cm.
- The height above sea level of these islands is approximately 2 metres.This affects Kiribati as Kiribati may not exist in 30 years time. so Kiribati has bought land in Fiji and agreed with neighbouring countries to allow the migration of its population.
How is Jakarta sinking?
Jakarta is sinking due to Jakarta’s population being 32 million causing there to be a increase in demand for water so there has been increased pumping of aquifas illegally inside the city causing the city to sink at a alarming rate at 25 cm per year.
How much is sea levels increasing in New York?
How is New York trying to reduce the impact of rising sea levels?
- 2012 hurricane sandy affected many people as 44 lives were lost.
- 305000 homes were damaged and destroyed in New York.346000 buildings damaged in new Jesery
- The Battery Park City Resiliency Project -$1.5 billion-reshaped mathattans coastline to protect it from any storm surges and flooding.
- $14 million into water storage system
Impacts of Cyclone Sidr
- Cyclone Sidr causes huge storm surges reaching up to 6 metres in height.
- Total economic costs was estimated $1.7 billion.
- High winds damaged many houses,roads,bridges and other infrastructure.
- Electrical supplies and communications were knocked out and roads and waterways became impassable
- Most of the social and environmental losses were caused by the failure of the embankments and the subsequent flooding.The death toll was lower than expected as only 10000 people died
What are the physcial and Human factors of coastal flooding in Bangladesh?
Physical factors
* Low topography would be more vulnerable to rising sea levels and storm surges
* Vegetation such as mangroves protect bangladesh from coastal flooding by absorbing the wave energy
* 46% of Bangladesh’s population lives less than 10 metres above sea level
Human Factors
* Removal of vegetation such as mangroves for agricultural or urban development
* 71% of mangroves are retreating by 200 metres a year
* 10% of Bangladesh’s land area is under 1 metre above sea level
* Over abstraction of groundwater increases the risk of subsidence as Dhaka is sinking 12 mm every year.
How has the Aswan High Dam impacted the rate of erosion?
- The rate of erosion in Egypt has increased from 25 metres a year to over 200 metres a year
- This was because of the construction of the Aswan High Dam and this caused river discharge to decrease from 35 billion m3 per year to 10 billion m3
- as well as reducing sediment volume from 130 billion tonnes per year to 15 billion tonnes per year.
Impact of Holderness Coast
- Fastest eroding coastline in Europe as it retreats at a rate of two metres every year.
- Holderness coast is made up of unconsoldiated
materials. - can experience a large fetch when winds blows from the north artic ocean.
What are some projects Bacton is doing to protect it’s coastline?
What issues did bacton’s coastline faced?
Bacton is using beach replenishment to protect it’s coastline.
Some issues that Bacton’s coastline faced was that the coastline has experienced large fetch from the North sea causing increased erosion of the coastline.
How much did the Bacton coastline project cost?
What are some pros and cons to the Bacton coastline project?
£22 million
Pro-It protects a vital as it protects a vital gas terminal enabling for elelctricity to be generated for 900 homes.
Con-It’s lifespan is only 15-20 years so they will have to replensih it and this can be expensive as large storms can easily remove the sediment on the coastline.
How much did the Borth coastline projects cost?
What are some pros and cons of Borth project?
£29 million
Pros-reduced the impact of wave energy and improved the local economy as waves become more attractive to surfers
Con-It can be a hazard for navigation and water sports near offshore reefs as a lot of energy is diverted away from the offshore reef.
What are some projects that Borth, Wales are doing to protect it’s coastline?
What were some issues it faced?
Borth used offshore reefs, groynes and breakwater to protect it’s coastline.
The issues were that the coastline experienced large fetch from the caribbean causing high rates of erosion on the stretch of the coastline.
What are some projects that Steart Mashes Bridgwater are doing to protect the coastline?
How much did the project cost?
Coastal realignment and salt marsh creation
£20 million
What are some pros and cons of the Steart Marshes projects?
Pro-more diverse habitats and allows for salt marshes to store carbon
Con-Farmers aren’t happy as they are forced to sell theri farmers to the local authorities and feel like they are neglected.
What are some things in Rossal Blackpool that are being done to protect this coastline?
How much does the Rossal Blackpool project cost?
Creatign new revetments,sea walls and promenade along the coastline
£64 million
What are some pros and cons of the Rossal Blackpool project?
Pro-protects 7500 homes from coastal flooding and promenade enables for recreational purposes for locals as well as tourists
Con-causes rapid erosion further down the coast and changes habitats in the areas
