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GCSE Geography Theme 2 > Geography Theme 2 - Weather/Climate > Flashcards

Geography Theme 2 - Weather/Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

Weather

A

Day to Day changes in the atmosphere

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2
Q

Climate

A

Average weather conditions over a period of at least 30 years
Includes - rainfall, temperature and sunshine expected in a particular place during particular month

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3
Q

Pressure system

A

a large mass of air having similar air pressure characteristics

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4
Q

Depression

A
  1. Centres of low air pressure where warm air from the tropics meets cool air from the polar regions
  2. Air - Rising
  3. Wind - Strong
  4. Air is Anti-Clockwise spirals into depression (Northern Hemisphere)
  5. Frontal Rain Rain falls as air rises
  6. Unsettled weather
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5
Q

Anticyclone

A
  1. Centres of HIGH air pressure
  2. Air - FALLING/SINKING and therefore warming
  3. No condensation, no clouds formed, clear skies, no rain/precipation
  4. Winds - Weak/light
  5. Clockwise
  6. Air in centre is still or slow moving
  7. Weather is stable
  8. can last a long time
  9. isobars are far apart
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6
Q

Types of Rainfall

A
  1. Frontal rain ie rain falls as the air rises
  2. Orographic ie rising air, air heats and rotates, passes over hills/mountains.
  3. Convectional ie Thunderstorm
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7
Q

Rain sequence in a Depression

A
  1. air rises
  2. it cools
  3. cool air holds less water than warm air
  4. water vapour in the air condenses
  5. clouds form
  6. precipitation occurs
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8
Q

Rain sequence in an anticyclone

A

???

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9
Q

Synoptic charts

A

Weather maps built up (using Air Pressure) which show the positions and nature of low and high pressure areasa

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10
Q

Weather front

A

Where warm air meets cold air

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11
Q

isobars

A
  1. lines which join equal atmospheric pressures

2. closer together, the faster the wind

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12
Q

Hurricanes

Cyclones and Typhoons

A
  1. severe tropical depressions in the Atlantic Ocean
  2. sea temperature must be greater than 27c
  3. Water vapour spirals up the centre of the hurricane
  4. the energy given off as the water vapour cools powers the hurricane
  5. die out through loss of power source once they hit land
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13
Q

How are people affected by climate ?

such as a Depression

A

Depression - provides clear skies, warm days and weeks of hot dry weather.
+ve = outdoor sports, and increases ice cream/cold drink sales
- ve = water supplies and healthcare issues for the elderly and the young or breathing issues for asthma or hayfever

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14
Q

Climate is controlled by what ?

A

Latitude - further from Equator = cooler than those closer to Equator
Altitude - higher than sea level = colder and windier than close to Sea Level

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15
Q

Convectional rain

A

Equatorial climates eg the Amazon

  • heating starts with sunrise
  • water evaporated from ground and leaves
  • plants transpire to keep cool
  • air containing evaporated moisture rises, cools and condenses
  • overtime condensed moisture builds up to forms storm clouds bringing rain and thunder storms

or
sun heats ground, warm air rises, eventually cools and forms clouds (Luke)

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16
Q

Summer Anticyclone

A

cloudless skies allow heat to escape
hot day time temp over 25 c
very cold night temp - water vapour condenses and freezes on cold surfaces leading to frosts less 0c
ON VERY HOT DAYS
- the hot air may rise quickly, cool and form black clouds = thunderstorms
-generally clear skies by day and night
-water can freeze into ice
- very little rain over this time can lead to drought

17
Q

Winter Anticyclone

A
  • cloudless skies mean the sun is strong
  • warm nights not below 15c
  • cold days below 0c
  • water vapour condenses on dust and particles giving fog which can linger into the day
  • ground cools at night so water vapour condenses = dew
  • general clear skies by day & night
18
Q

North Atlantic Drift

A

a warm ocean current that bring the South West of the UK warmer weather than the East coast which is generally cooler because it is not affected by North Atlantic Drift

19
Q

Prevailing Winds

A

The most common wind direction for a place
eg winds blowing over tropical oceans = warm and wet weather
and
winds blowing from the Poles and over land bring cold and dry weather

in UK= prevailing wind is South West

20
Q

Ocean currents

A

ocean is constantly circulating warm water is from Tropics to the Poles and vice versa

21
Q

Polar Maritime Climate

A

eg Iceland
Affected by the Poles
Maritime surrounded by Sea

22
Q

Iceland’s Polar Maritime Climate

A

wind blows from SW
Air forced to rise over high lands
As air rises - it cools and water vapour condenses and forms clouds - Some precipitation falls as snow
once the air has gone over the high lands - air sinks
and then rain arrives
Effects on the Iceland coastline of the Gulf Stream

23
Q

Relief Rain

A

Air being forced to rise over mountains, cool down and condense and forms clouds and produces rains

Air Rises over mountains
Cools down
Condenses
Forms Clouds
Produces rain
24
Q

Frontal Rain

A

Rainfall caused by warm air being forced above cold air at either warm or cold fronts
or
When two different fronts merge together in depressions and move across and it then rains

25
Q

How are people affected by climate ?

WINTER ANTICYCLONE

A

Winter Anticyclones - no cloud blanket to retain heat = very cold conditions with severe frost and thick fog

  • ve effects = cancellation of outdoor sporting events and hazardous travelling conditions due to ice and fog

=ve effects = brighter days fight against SAD (seasonal affective disorder) and sales of hot drinks may increase.

26
Q

Gulf Stream affects on Iceland’s Coastline

A

Fishing - Gulf Stream prevents ice from forming in coastal waters so fishing boats can leave port throughout the year,

Transport- mountain roads impassable in Winter due to snow and ice and are dangerous in Summer due to flooding glacial meltwater

Energy - Rainfall from snow and glaciers feed Icelands
many rivers which can be used to produce Hydro Electric Power.
Cheap Energy attracts investment

Farming - only 1% of Iceland is used for farming due to icecaps, frozen ground( permafrost) on higher ground

Tourism - Largest growth industry but mostly in the short Summer months so incomes are highly seasonal

27
Q

Condensaton (Definition)

A

When water changes from gas to liquid on cooling often forming clouds

28
Q

Anticycloe (high pressure weather event) eg Barcelona

A

2008 drought caused by lack of rainfall, wasteful use of water, high population.

Social impacts - hosepipe ban, drought
Economic mpacts - rise in tourists therfore more demand on the water resource
Environmental impacts - Forest fire and heatwave

GCSE Geography Theme 2 (12 decks)

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