Geography Test 4 Flashcards
What countries dominate South Asia?
India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
Where does a majority of flooding take place in South Asia?
Seasonal flooding is mostly in Bangladesh; cyclones form over the Bay of Bengal
As trees are cleared from the mountains and foothills of the Himalayas, what happens and where?
Runoff increases in the lowlands of Bangladesh, Pakistan and norther India.
According to a 2014 world health organization study, there were how many cities that were claimed to be the dirtiest in India out of 20?
13 cities; Delhi is six times greater than the WHO’s recommended maximum
What is orographic precipitation and where does it take place?
Orographic rainfall is caused by the uplifting and cooling of moist monsoon winds over the Western Ghats and the Himalayan foothills.
What is the severity of climate change in South Asia?
A minor rise in sea level will inundate large areas of the Ganges-Brahmaputra in Bangladesh; Maldives will vanish beneath the waves
What is South Asia’s northern rim of mountains dominated by and what borders does it form?
The great Himalaya range; forms borders of India, Nepal, and Bhutan
What mountains are in the east and where do they form their borders between?
Arakan Yoma Mountains; form between India and Burma (Myanmar) and separate South Asia from Southeast
South Asia is dominated by what what two climates and what does it result in?
tropical and subtropical; have a heavy rainfall during summer that is associated with the southwest monsoons
What are monsoons?
seasonal change of wind direction that corresponds to wet and dry periods
What happens in winter of South Asia that creates these monsoons?
high-pressure system forms over the cold Asian landmass resulting in dry winds; winds diminish after winter and create a low-pressure cell that causes a shift for warm-moist air to move towards the interior
What is the outcome of the Green Revolution? (good and bad)
India more than doubled its annual grain production between in 25 years; but there was a chemical dependency on new crop strains
What are the slums in India called?
Bustees
Along what two rivers are their high densities of people found in the fertile plains of India?
Indus and Ganges
About how many people in South Asia live in cities?
one third
Which country in South Asia has the world’s largest refugee populations and where are they coming from?
Pakistan; Afghanistan
What is the main cause of the shantytowns growing so rapidly?
internal migration
What are the two main causes to South Asia’s environmental problems?
dense population and rapid industrialization
What is the dominant religion in central India by 90%?
Hinduism
What are the four main areas in India where muslims are concentrated?
Kashmir, vale of Kashmir, central Ganges Plain, southwestern state of Kerala,
Where did Sikhism originate?
Originated between the boundaries India and Pakistan and has both Muslim and Hinduism elements
Where does Buddhism dominate?
Northern region of South Asia (Nepal, Bhutan) and also in Sri Lanka
What two languages extend into both Pakistan and Bangladesh?
Punjabi and Bengali
What is the most widely spoken language in South Asia and with how many native speakers?
Hindi; 500 million
Where can the dravidian language family be found?
in Southern India;
Where does the Tibeto-Burman language dominate?
Norther rim along the South Asia’s mountains
Who were the Tamil Tigers and what were they fighting for?
Rebel forces who attacked the Sri Lankan army; Sri Lanka fought back and killed their leaders
What countries are included as the mainland in Southeast Asia?
Burma, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
What countries are included as insular in Southeast Asia?
Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, and small countries of Singapore, Brunei, and East Timor
What is considered a city state in Southeast Asia?
Singapore
What is slash and burn and where is it commonly practiced?
It is the swidden system and happens in the uplands of Southeast Asia
What is the main environmental problem in Southeast Asia?
Deforestation
What are the tropical forests being destroyed by?
A combination of commercial logging and agricultural settlement
What is transmigration and where is it happening?
it is the relocation of people from one region to another within its national territory; Indonesia
What is most of insular southeast Asia climate characterized by?
hot and humid of the equatorial
What is most of mainland southeast Asia climate characterized by?
seasonally wet and has dry climates of the tropical monsoon and tropical savanna types
What are the patterns of religion in southeast Asia?
Most of mainland is Buddhist;
What countries is Theravada Buddhism dominant?
Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia
Mahayana Buddhism is dominant in what country?
Vietnam
The Philippines is dominantly ___ but the rest of insular southeast Asia is what in religion?
Roman Catholic; Muslim
What is the most dominate language for almost all of insular Southeast Asia?
Austronesian
What countries are included in the Golden Triangle and what’s produced here?
Behrma, Thailand, and Laos; Opium
How many major languages does the Philippines contain?
8 language
What language is known as trade (lingua franca) languages in Southeast Asia and who is it native to?
Malay language; Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, and coastal Borneo
What is the Philippines TFR?
3.1
Which country in southeast Asia has their TFR noticeably decreasing?
Singapore
Which island of Indonesia has the highest rural population density?
Java
In mainland southeast Asia, where do concentrated populations settle?
In the valleys and deltas of the regions large rivers
Who were the Khmer Rouge?
Communist guerillas of Cambodia during the Vietnam War
What are the dominant climate patterns of Australia and Oceania?
Equatorial Pacific zones are warm all year and contain humidity; Australian interior is dry dominated by subtropical high pressure
What nations are included in the Australia and Oceanic region?
Australia, New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia
What is Australia best known for animal wise and why?
Marsupials (Kangaroos, koala, possum, etc.) and platypus; its geologically isolated
Who are the native people of Australia and New Zealand
Australia: Aborigines; New Zealand: Maori
Where is Pidgin English found?
Solomons, Vanuatu, and New Guinea
What is the population distribution of Australia?
Sydney and Melbourne account for half of Australia’s population
Where do more than 70% of New Zealand’s population live?
North Island of Auckland
What are the three stages of atolls?
1st stage: fringent; 2nd stage: barrier reef; 3rd stage: atoll
