Geography Revision Flashcards
State what sedimentary rocks are.
Sedimentary rocks are rocks that are formed from the broken remains of other rocks that become joined together.
State how sedimentary rocks are formed.
A river carries pieces of broken rock as it flows along. When a river reaches a lake or the sea, it’s load of transported rocks settles to the bottom - these are deposited rocks. These deposited rocks build up in layers, called sediments. This process is called sedimentation.
State how metamorphic rock are formed.
Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks that are changed because of heat or pressure; they’re not made from molten rock.
Give examples of sedimentary rock.
Limestone, sandstone, breccia, coal, fossilized coral, rock salt, conglomerate, and petoskey stone.
Give examples of metamorphic rock.
Slate, quartzite, and gneiss
Give examples of igneous rock.
Granite, basalt, gabbro, and rhyolite.
Explain how heat energy is transferred by a circulation cell.
Hot air rises at the equator where the Sun’s energy is most intense, creating low pressure. It cools and travels north and south to 30 degrees of latitude, where it sinks, creating high pressure. Where the cells meet, heat energy is transferred.
How is high and low pressure caused?
Low pressure is caused by warm air rising, whereas high pressure is caused by cool air falling.
Describe the precipitation in high and low pressure areas.
Low pressure areas have high precipitation, whereas high pressure areas are arid with low precipitation.
Explain how ice cores are used to reconstruct how climate change has changed in the past.
Ice cores obtained from glaciers are used to measure the way the concentration of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes have changed over time, which provides a record of temperature change.
