Geography, Regions, and Civilizations Flashcards
Mohenjo-Daro
Current archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan; the largest settlement of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization and one of the world’s earliest major cities that was built around 2500 BCE.
Harappa
Current archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan; a great ancient Indus Valley Civilization; core of the Harappan civilization extended over a large area, from Gujarat in the south, across Sindh and Rajasthan and extending into Punjab and Haryana
Gaṅgā (Ganges)
Transboundary Asian river which flows through India and Bangladesh; flows south and east through the Gangetic plain of North India; rises in the western Indian Himalayas, and several left-bank tributaries from Nepal that account for the bulk of its flow.
Indus
Transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia; its left-bank tributary in the plains is the Panjnad River which is formed by the successive confluences of the five Punjab rivers, namely the Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers.
Area in which the Indus Valley Civilizations were settled in.
Deccan
Plateau defined as the entire southern peninsula of India south of the Narmada River.
Himālayas
Mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau; the range has some of the planet’s highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest.
Indus Valley Seals
Seals from the Indus Valley Civilization were found at the archeological sites during excavation. They have pictures of wild or domestic animals and humans (Pashupati). Important to note that the only animal not on the seals were horses.
Debated to be stamps of ownership and badges of status, seals, close documents, and mark packages of goods, etc.
Second Urbanization
Agricultural surplus, the growth of crafts and trade, and the growing population led to the emergence of towns in the Gangetic plains “with large king- doms, state formation, a surplus economy, and long-distance trade” (Olivelle).
Played important roles “in both a king’s quest for power and a merchant’s pursuit of wealth.” Similar reason as to why people also find the reason to later on leave these lives and their family to become a wandering mendicant.
Mahājanapadas
The 16 kingdoms during the late Vedic that existed in India; happened during the second urbanization.
Aryan
Means “nobel” and refers to the diverse collection of Indo-European peoples speaking Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent; Indo-European pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia into South Asia and introduced Proto-Indo-Aryan language (NOT BECAUSE OF OUT OF INDIA THEORY OR ARYAN INVASION THEORY).
