Geography- population change

Question 0

What is birth rate?

Answer 0

the number of babies born alive per 1000 people per year.

Question 1

What does exponentially mean?

Answer 1

This means that the rate of growth has become increasingly rapid.
By 2000 there were 10 times as many people living as there had been 300 years before in 1700.
Not only is population increasing, but the rate of increase is becoming greater.

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Question 2

What is death rate?

Answer 2

The number of people who die per 1000 people per year.

Question 3

What is natural increase?

Answer 3

the difference between birth and death rates in a country. It is a useful measure of a population’s growth or decline. The wider the gap between high birth rates and low death rates, the greater the size of natural increase.

Question 4

What does the demographic transition model show?

Answer 4

how changes in birth rates and death rates affect population growth in countries at different stages of development.

Question 5

Describe stage one of the demographic transition model

Answer 5

Both birth and death rates are high and fluctuating. Over 30 per 1000 people.

Question 6

Describe stage 2 of the demographic transition model

Answer 6

Births rates remain high. Death rates fell rapidly to about 20 per 2000 so populations grows dramatically.

Question 7

Describe stage 3 of the demographic transition model.

Answer 7

Birth rates fall rapidly to about 20 per 1000. Death rates only fall slightly to 15 per 1000. So population continues to grow but at a slower rate.

Question 8

Describe stage 4 of the demographic transition model

Answer 8

Birth and death rates are low and fluctuating (10-15 per 1000)

Question 9

Describe stage five of the demographic transition model.

Answer 9

Death rates may rise slightly so population may decrease.

Question 10

Give an example of a group in stage one of the demographic transition model.

Answer 10

Rainforest tribes today

Question 11

Give an example of a group in stage two of the demographic transition model.

Answer 11

LEDC (Peru, Bangledesh, Sri Lanka)

Question 12

Give an example of a group in stage three of the demographic transition model.

Answer 12

Cuba and Brazil

Question 13

Give an example of a group in stage four of the demographic transition model.

Answer 13

MEDC (USA, Japan)

Question 14

Give an example of a group in stage five of the demographic transition model.

Answer 14

MEDC (mainly European countries)

Question 15

What are the three major factors affecting population growth?

Answer 15

-Agricultural change (Improvements in technology, even at a basic level e.g. cattle drawn ploughs, improve yields and save labour. This frees some workers for industry and more rapid economic growth)

-Urbanisation (Rural-to-urban migration is common in poorer countries as cities are believed to have greater opportunities, and generally do also opportunities for children (education). Children’s labour is therefore of less value in cities than in rural areas.

-Status of women (As economies develop and education improves, opportunities for girls increase alongside those for boys. With development, a larger workforce is required, so women must participate in more paid work outside the home and therefore choose not to have children or have them at a later date. Reaching a good standard of living in a household requires two incomes.)

Question 16

What does a narrow peak show on a population pyramid?

Answer 16

Low life expectancy

Question 17

What do quickly narrowed in sides show on a population pyramid?

Answer 17

High infant and child morality rates

Question 18

What does a wide base show on a population pyramid?

Answer 18

A high birth rate

Question 19

What shape are LEDC’s population roughly?

Answer 19

Triangle with curved in sides

Question 20

What shape are MEDC’s population pyramids roughly?

Answer 20

Rectangle, (narrow top)

Question 21

What is one stage of a sex age pyramid called?

Answer 21

A cohort

Question 22

What are the three stages of a sex age pyramid?

Answer 22

Young dependants
Economically active
Elderly dependants

Question 23

What is a sustainable population?

Answer 23

one whose growth and development is at a rate that does not threaten the success of future generations.

Question 24

Name 3 economic problems of a growing population

Answer 24

• Unemployment and under employment
• low living standereds
• high international debt

Question 25

Name 3 social problems of a growing population

Answer 25

• overcrowding and growth of shanty towns
• rising crime
• inadequate public services

Question 26

Name 2 political problems of a growing population

Answer 26

• terrorism between different tribes and races

- unstable government and political coups

Question 27

Name 3 environmental problems of a growing population

Answer 27

• overgrazing and over-cultivation
• water, land and air pollution
• deforestation

Question 28

What 8 factors change birth rate

Answer 28

• Family planning and information services
• Better education and literacy
• Later marriages
• Migration to cities
• Improved healthcare – fewer children die
• Better employment prospects
• Education and careers for women
• Incomes distributed more equally and rising living standards

Question 29

What causes an ageing population?

Answer 29

-people are working longer and having less children and at the top end of the pyramid older people are living longer due to medical advances in medicine and knowledge.

Question 30

What is the dependency ratio?

Answer 30

The ratio between dependants and independent populations.

Question 31

What is the formula for the dependency ratio?

Answer 31

(%under 15) + (%over64) x 100

Over % working age

Question 32

What are the negative impacts of an ageing population?

Answer 32

• pressure on health services (Over half of NHS budget spent on >65)
• transport and housing needs (expansive-financial pressure on UK)
• dependant on younger generation (economic generation)
• pension crisis (One option is to raise taxes paid by the working population to cover the cost of pensions or set back retirement age)

Question 33

What are the positive implications of an ageing population?

Answer 33

• the grey pound (215 billion in 2005-they spend money in the leisure industry)
• voluntary work
• childcare
• pensioners still pay tax on income and saving

Question 34

What is the UK government doing about ageing population?

Answer 34

• increase retirement and pension age of everyone to 68 for everyone by 2050.
• NHS restricts access of drugs for diseases of old age
• Increasing financial benefits and employment rights for pregnant women to support the birth rate.
• To offset worker shortages, help the economy to grow and get more tax the government has welcomed migrant workers

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Question 35

What is a pro natal policy?

Answer 35

Any policy that encourage people to have children

Question 36

What is migration?

Answer 36

The movement of people from one place to another

Question 37

What does the term ‘push factor’ mean?

Answer 37

Push factors force or encourage people to leave a place. They are the negative aspects of a person’s home area

Question 38

What does the term ‘pull factor’ mean?

Answer 38

Pull factors attract people to a place. They are the positive aspects of a new place.

Question 39

List five examples of push factors

Answer 39

• unemployment
• natural disasters
• war
• poverty
• lack of services

Question 40

List five examples of pull factors

Answer 40

• Potential for employment
• a safer atmosphere
• better service provision
• less risk of natural disasters
• fertile land

Question 41

What are asylum seekers?

Answer 41

This is the formal application by a refugee to stay and live in a country when they arrive in that country.

Question 42

What is a refugee?

Answer 42

A person unable or unwilling to return to their homeland for fear of persecution based on reasons of race, religion, ethnicity or political views, or those who have been displaced forcibly by other factors

Question 43

What are the positive implications of migration for the migrants country of origin?

Answer 43

• migrants send back money to families who are still in the country of origin
• may reduce population growth and pressure on resources
• migrants may return with new skills

Question 44

What are the positive implications of migration for the migrants country of destination?

Answer 44

• migrants bring new skills
• pay tax and contribute to economy
• willing to take jobs not wanted
• transfer of knowledge
• cultural exchange of lifestyle

Question 45

What are the negative implications of migration for the migrants country of origin?

Answer 45

• loss of labour
• loss of skilled and knowledgable needed by the country
• family separation

Question 46

What are the negative implications of migration for the migrants country of destination?

Answer 46

• strain on recourses for host country

- migrants tend to live in the same area which can lead to tension and discrimination.