Geography keywords and definitions

Question 1

Ageing population

Answer 1

A high proportion of people over 65 / a population with a rising average age

Question 2

Egan Wheel

Answer 2

A wheel that shows how to create a sustainable development

Question 3

Greenfield sites

Answer 3

Land that has not been built on before

Question 4

Brownfield sites

Answer 4

Land that has been built on before

Question 5

CBD

Answer 5

Central business district

Question 6

Consumer

Answer 6

Shopper

Question 7

Retailing

Answer 7

Shopping

Question 8

Groceries

Answer 8

Food shopping

Question 9

Retail Park

Answer 9

Out of Town shopping area

Question 10

High street

Answer 10

Main shopping street in a town

Question 11

Urbanisation

Answer 11

The process of towns and cities growing in both size and population, with less people coming to live in rural areas.

Question 12

Mega city

Answer 12

Urban areas with a population of over 10 million or more

Question 13

Global city

Answer 13

Urban areas which are well connected through the process of globalisation

Question 14

Newly industrialised country

Answer 14

A country with a rapidly growing economy as a result of a shift in the economy from primary to secondary industries

Question 15

Natural increase

Answer 15

The growth of the population that occurs when there are more births than deaths

Question 16

Emerging middle class

Answer 16

The growing number of people in developing countries who are well educated and reasonably well paid

Question 17

Informal sector (informal jobs)

Answer 17

The sector of the economy that includes many types of irregular jobs as well as types of work such as household chores and childcare, don’t pay tax

Question 18

Formal occupations

Answer 18

Jobs that receive a regular wage and which are recognised and controlled by the state

Question 19

Chawls

Answer 19

4/5 storey buildings with basic toilet facilities, built by the government and are affordable

Question 20

Squatter homes

Answer 20

Built without planning control also known as slums

Question 21

Pavement dwellers

Answer 21

Pay rent to criminals who control the pavements, the structures are illegal and can be torn down at any time, narrow huts on the pavement, many are children

Question 22

Globalisation

Answer 22

The global web of links between countries involving people, trade, ideas and culture

Question 23

Suburban

Answer 23

The outer areas of towns and cities

Question 24

Inner-urban

Answer 24

The innermost parts of a town or city

Question 25

Economic migrants

Answer 25

People who move to another country to find work

Question 26

Standard of living

Answer 26

The level of wealth and comfort experienced by any group or individual

Question 27

Reurbanisation

Answer 27

The recent trend for the population in city centres to grow

Question 28

Hydraulic action

Answer 28

Waves crash against the cliff, compressing the water and air into cracks and forcing the rock apart

Question 29

Abrasion

Answer 29

Waves pick up rocks from the sea bed or beach and smash them against the cliffs

Question 30

Corrosion

Answer 30

Minerals such as calcium carbonate (the main part of chalk and limestone rocks) are slowly dissolved by the water

Question 31

Attrition

Answer 31

Sand and pebbles are picked up by the sea and smash against one another, wearing them down into smaller and more rounded particles

Question 32

Rock falls

Answer 32

Bits of rock fall off the cliff face, usually due to freeze thaw weathering

Question 33

Slumping

Answer 33

The gradual collapse of the hillside under its own weight. It sometimes occurs where an unconsolidated rock glides over an impermeable rock types such as clay

Question 34

Landslides

Answer 34

Large sections of the cliff, undermined by erosion at the base, can slide rapidly downwards onto the beach

Question 35

Push factor

Answer 35

Something that forces people to move away

Question 36

Pull factor

Answer 36

Something that attracts people to move to a new place

Question 37

Watershed

Answer 37

The outside line of the drainage basin

Question 38

Confluence

Answer 38

The area where a tributary meets the main river channel or another tributary

Question 39

Tributary

Answer 39

A smaller stream or river that will join to the main river

Question 40

Source

Answer 40

The start / beginning of the river

Question 41

Mouth

Answer 41

Where the river meets the sea