geography exam 1 - paper 1

Question 1

what does the term, over populated mean

Answer 1

the number of people in an area is greater than the resources and technology available to maintain an adequate standard of living

Question 2

what does the term, under populated mean

Answer 2

if the number of people living in an area is less than is needed to make a full use of the resources available

Question 3

what are the consequences of over population

Answer 3

• high crime rates
• lack of housing
• lack of water and food supply
• congested roads
• water and air pollution
• not enough healthcare and education
• lack of employment

Question 4

what are the consequences of under population

Answer 4

• shortage of workers
• low level of production
• resources underused
• high taxes
• lack of government income
• small market for goods and services
• low value of exports

Question 5

what is the natural population

Answer 5

the change calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate

Question 6

what is the birth rate

Answer 6

the average number of births per 1000 people per year

Question 7

what is the death rate

Answer 7

the average number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 8

what is the net migratiob

Answer 8

the average number of people moving into a country minus those moving out of the country per 1000 people per year

Question 9

what are the falling birth rates caused by

Answer 9

• the availability of contraception
• later family planning
• women are busy going out for work
• reduction of infant mortality
• less need fro children as labour source

Question 10

what are the falling death rates caused by

Answer 10

• improvement in healthcare and facilities
• improvement in sanitation and hygiene
• improvement in water supply
  -reduction of wars and conflicts
• increased availability of doctors and medicines
  -better quality of food available

Question 11

what are the population policies of singapore

Answer 11

• extra taxes for the third child
• no paid maternity for the third child
• parents with more than 2 child could not enrol at t he best schools

Question 12

when was the policy made in singapore

Answer 12

1970,, the stop at 2 policy

Question 13

which policy did china make afterwards

Answer 13

one family, one child policy in 1979

Question 14

why do people migrate

Answer 14

movements are usually voluntary aand often involve looking, and hoping for a better standard of living at the new eestination

Question 15

what is an emigrant

Answer 15

the person who move out of the country

Question 16

what is an immigrant

Answer 16

the person moving into the country

Question 17

what is an asylum seeker

Answer 17

a person who leaves their country in fear of their lives of persecution. They have asked for permission to stay in another country and are waiting for a decision on this

Question 18

what is a refugee

Answer 18

a person who leaves the country of origin in fear of their lives. They run away often with no idea where they will end up and with no permission to stay in another country

Question 19

what are some push factors ( the factors making people want to leave their country of origin)

Answer 19

• unemployment
  -low paid jobs
• farms are too small
• poor housing

Question 20

what are some of the pull factors (the factors making people want to leave the country)

Answer 20

• work
• better paid jobs
• higher education

Question 21

define population distribution

Answer 21

the pattern of where people live

Question 22

define population density

Answer 22

describes the average number of people living in a given area. It is calculated by dividing the total population by the area of the land

Question 23

what is an urban area

Answer 23

a large built up area with large area of land being used for housing

Question 24

what is a rural area

Answer 24

a hamlet or a village, or on a farm, a small settlement in the country side

Question 25

what is a nucleated settlement

Answer 25

made up of cluster of buildings, usually around the central point, such as crossroads or a bridge.

Question 26

what is a linear settlement

Answer 26

long and thin settlements. These develop along a road or a river valley or in an area where flat land is limited

Question 27

what is a dispersed area

Answer 27

farms or isolated buildings, are scattered across the country side. Dispersed settlement is often found in upland areas where settlement is difficult

Question 28

what are the characteristics of rural settlements

Answer 28

• water supply
• relief
• soils
• shelter
• defence