geography exam 1 - paper 1 Flashcards
what does the term, over populated mean
the number of people in an area is greater than the resources and technology available to maintain an adequate standard of living
what does the term, under populated mean
if the number of people living in an area is less than is needed to make a full use of the resources available
what are the consequences of over population
- high crime rates
- lack of housing
- lack of water and food supply
- congested roads
- water and air pollution
- not enough healthcare and education
- lack of employment
what are the consequences of under population
- shortage of workers
- low level of production
- resources underused
- high taxes
- lack of government income
- small market for goods and services
- low value of exports
what is the natural population
the change calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate
what is the birth rate
the average number of births per 1000 people per year
what is the death rate
the average number of deaths per 1000 people per year
what is the net migratiob
the average number of people moving into a country minus those moving out of the country per 1000 people per year
what are the falling birth rates caused by
- the availability of contraception
- later family planning
- women are busy going out for work
- reduction of infant mortality
- less need fro children as labour source
what are the falling death rates caused by
- improvement in healthcare and facilities
- improvement in sanitation and hygiene
- improvement in water supply
-reduction of wars and conflicts - increased availability of doctors and medicines
-better quality of food available
what are the population policies of singapore
- extra taxes for the third child
- no paid maternity for the third child
- parents with more than 2 child could not enrol at t he best schools
when was the policy made in singapore
1970,, the stop at 2 policy
which policy did china make afterwards
one family, one child policy in 1979
why do people migrate
movements are usually voluntary aand often involve looking, and hoping for a better standard of living at the new eestination
what is an emigrant
the person who move out of the country
what is an immigrant
the person moving into the country
what is an asylum seeker
a person who leaves their country in fear of their lives of persecution. They have asked for permission to stay in another country and are waiting for a decision on this
what is a refugee
a person who leaves the country of origin in fear of their lives. They run away often with no idea where they will end up and with no permission to stay in another country
what are some push factors ( the factors making people want to leave their country of origin)
- unemployment
-low paid jobs - farms are too small
- poor housing
what are some of the pull factors (the factors making people want to leave the country)
- work
- better paid jobs
- higher education
define population distribution
the pattern of where people live
define population density
describes the average number of people living in a given area. It is calculated by dividing the total population by the area of the land
what is an urban area
a large built up area with large area of land being used for housing
what is a rural area
a hamlet or a village, or on a farm, a small settlement in the country side
what is a nucleated settlement
made up of cluster of buildings, usually around the central point, such as crossroads or a bridge.
what is a linear settlement
long and thin settlements. These develop along a road or a river valley or in an area where flat land is limited
what is a dispersed area
farms or isolated buildings, are scattered across the country side. Dispersed settlement is often found in upland areas where settlement is difficult
what are the characteristics of rural settlements
- water supply
- relief
- soils
- shelter
- defence
