Geography Changing Places Flashcards
Which poem did we study about insider /outsider perspective
California hills in august
Give a quote from an insider
“How gentle it seemed to someone raised in a landscape short of rain”
Give a quote from an outsider
“Climbed the hillside in the heat, cursing the dust”
Where is the example of continuity and how?
Bournville, retains positive ethos and values of the Cadbury family
How effective have changes been in Medellin
Integrated social classes through gondolas - connect Shanty town to city, still high crime/drugs
How does the song New York represent New York positively
“Big lights will inspire you” inspirational/ amazing experiences
How does the song New York represent New York negatively
“Hunger for more than an empty fridge” homeless/unequal
Where was the reimaging/ rebranding example
Amsterdam
Why did it need reimaging/rebranding
Poor reputation, soft drugs/prostitution
What did they do to rebrand Amsterdam
I Amsterdam slogan 8000 pics a day encouraging tourism.
What is Amsterdam now classed as
One of top 5 European countries to visit based on brand and culture
Example of a corporate body who aims to sell the place to visitors and market positive perceptions
Visit Britain website
What happened to employment in vickers factory from 1940-1970
17000 decrease
When did the shipyards start to decline in Newcastle
1970-1990
When did riots occur in inner city areas in Newcastle
1991/1992
How much money was given to help fund the regeneration of the quayside
430 mill gov money
1114 mill private sector money
What does UDC stand for and why were they set up
Urban development corporation- to regenerate inner city areas with large amounts of derelict land/ vacant land
What was renewed along the quayside
Baltic flour mill closed in 1981- now the Baltic art museum opened in 2002 worth 50mill
The riverside nightclub- old fish market building
Who were given the task of regenerating the quayside
Tyne and Wear development corporation 50km of riverside
What we’re other ways of regenerating quayside
Street art
Walk ways
Trees to improve env
Examples of redevelopment at quayside
Sage worth over £70 million in 2004
Office blocks
Quayside flats
What were the aims of the regeneration of the quayside
Create new business districts
Increase employment
Improve env and leisure facilities
Ways the regeneration of quayside has been a success
2000 local job opportunities
From derelict wasteland to thriving area
Ways the regeneration of quayside hasn’t been a success
Locals relocated
Land was bought through compulsory order
Focuses on service sector, no manufacturing so skilled workers had to look elsewhere
What is the example of gentrification
Nottinghill
Why was nottinghill in decline
1950s slum
Working class area- tiny terraced housing
What we’re the benefits of gentrification
Increased property prices- more wealthy thriving area
Less vacant buildings
Carnivals and markets
What we’re the problems of gentrification
Conflicts and relocation
What did the gov introduce in 1940s and why
GREENBELT- areas of open space and low-density land use around urban areas with controlled development
What is our surburbanisation example
GREST park - gosforth
Why could they build on the greenbelt at GREST park
Labour gov relaxed rules and local council adopted it
Why build great park
4500 new homes
Close to A1- major transport link
Reasons against GREST park
Houses cost £188000, not affordable
Red squirrel in danger
Where is there space to develop new homes instead of great park
Byker/ Ben well (inner city) space for 20,000 new homes
What is causing conflict in the Lake District?
Second home ownership
What % of homes unoccupied all year in one village in the Lake District
70%
How many second homes are there in farrow
4000
What are the second homes leading to a decline in
Schools, doctors, post offices
Which city is known as being heterogenous
LA
Name 3 different areas in LA
Skid row, gated community, chinatown
Why is LA so diverse
Immigration from Mexico/ asia
Where successfully stopped Costa/ clone town
Totness Devon
How many people signed the petition
600/8500 residents
How many coffee shops do totness have
42
What is a place meaning
Relates to individual or collective perceptions of a place
What is a representation of a place
How a place is seen or portrayed in society
What is place marketing
Marketing/ public relations employed by national or local gov to improve positive perception of a place via advertising, logos, creation and promotion of events.
What is the aim of rebranding
Make a location a desirable place to live and visit to shop and spend money
How’s best to regenerate a place
Start with insiders and get a thorough understanding of a place. Difficult as pre existing residents want to protect local uniqueness
What are corporate bodies
Organisations that what to manipulate the perception of a place
What are agents of change
Gov policies- e.g regeneration schemes
Decisions of multinational corporations- costa totness, McDonald’s killy
Impacts of global institutions- who, world bank- development projects in Haiti
What is place making
Deliberate shaping of env for social interaction and to improve a xoumminitys quality of life
What is place
Location with meaning
What is sense of place
Subjective + emotional attachment to a place
Comes through experience
What is the perception of a place
Way a place is viewed or regsrded
What is locale
Place where something happens or has particular events associated with it
Location?
Where the place is
What affects perceptions of placd
Experiences
Media
Influence
Insider or outsider
What is the difference between place and space
Place is a space with with meaning
Space is an area with no meaning
What is the tripartite model of place attachment
A model of place attachment that forms through person, place, process
Person- milestones, experiences, culture
Place- social factors, physical factors
Process- memory, sense of feeling there
What is placelessness
Place that lacks uniqueness
What are approaches to studying placd
Descriptive- distinct set of places- each place is unique
Social constructivist- places are the way they are because of social processes at a time
Phenomenological approach- feelings about a place not what is physically there
What is an experienced place
Places a person has spent time in
What is a media place
Places the person has only read about or seen on film
What are endogenous factors
Those that originate internally
What are exogenous factors
Those that originate externally . Include links or influences with other places
What is gentrification
Inner urban area that is unfashionable + neglected is upgraded or it’s status is improved
What is the difference between gentrification and regeneration
Regeneration refers to policies and practices to tackle social economic and environmental issues together. Gentrification is wealthy coming in and trying to make an area more affluent
What is surburbinisation
A movement of people and services away from the inner city to the edge of built up areas
What are key factors explaining rural change
Improvement in transport
Increased standards of living
Decrease in size of households
What is counter-urbanisation
Surbanisstion but bring urban attitudes. House prices increase, industry and retailing move to rural areas.
Who move to rural settlements
Families who prefer safer env
Commuters
Retired people
What does the clone town survey show in byker
Few chain stores 21 but still independent stores
Why are environmental quality index’s useful
Can compare locations
Gives env characteristics
Why are environmental quality index’s not useful
Subjective
No local insider opinions
Varies depending on time of day or year
What do people feel about the changes in killingworth
“Change for the better”
“Changed from a quiet village to a busy town”- past connections not maintained very well
What do killingworth questionnaire results show
Most lived through modernisation- nearly 90% think successful
Want to improve green space and not build more houses and want more local businesses- 32 people
What does the map of byker show
Lots of churches
Urban area
High pop
Family area
Transport links
What is a brownfield site?
A site that has previously been built on
What is regeneration
Long term upgrading of areas to bring about social and economic change
What is homogenisation
Cultures interlinking and process where places resemble other places more
What is topophilia
A love for a place
Wgat is topophobia
A fear of a place
What are examples of past connections in killingworth
Plough inn- rebuilt in1920- a pub
Killingworth arms- built out of Northumbrian farm house
When were the killingworth towers built
1968-72
What is the mean age of killingworth
40
What % of people are are white British
95%
What % of people are Christian in 2001-2011 in killingworth
79%-64%
What % of people in killingworth are in very good health
48%
How many people are economically active and in full time work in killingworth
46% . Higher than England average
What jobs do the majority of people do in killingworth
Wholesale/retail
What % of people own their homes outright/mortgage in killingworth
45%
What is killingworth known as and when was it developed
New town 1960s70s
What was killingworth like beforehand
Mining area/ derelict land
What theme does killingworth follow
Medieval. Central area- shops (castle)
Roads surrounding= protection
Road between lakes- drawbridge and castel
How is there a community spirit in killingworth
Schools naming buildings
Shops
Social clubs
Exogenous links in killingworth
Most residents commute to Newcastle
Near London-Edinburgh railway line
Bus station
What examples are there of social inequality in killingworth
12% child poverty although lower than uk average
Poorer people have been forced to live in vandalised flats
In 1841 how many people lived in killingworth . By 2011 how many
112 -20,000
When was the killingworth lakes built
1964
When we’re the killingworth towers demolished
1987
What negative perceptions were there of the killingworth towers
Crime, vandalism “colditz”
When was the old killingworth shopping centre demolished
1980s- 2000s new centre built
Who joined in 2010 in killingworth
Kfc/McDonald’s
What percentage of housing is owned by the council in killingworth
15%
What is the average house price in killingworth
£172000
What is the percentage of open space in killingworth
44%
Where is byker
Inner city ward of Newcastle
Describe byker in the 1960s
Terraced housing, low quality for shop workers. Little open space
When was the byker wall built
1971
Why was the byker wall built
Improve the appareance of an area, affordable, block traffic noise
What we’re the opinions of byker in 1960s
Everyone stuck together, helped one another
What happened in the 1960s in byker
3000 left
Worst inject city problems
The byker for people policy set up to discuss changes and involve residents
When did redevelopments start in byker and why were they necessary
1970s poor housing, houses too small for families
What we’re the proposals for the new development of byker in 1970s
Family orientated, free of traffic, small shipping centre
How did residents feel about the redevelopment of byker
60% happy/agreed
What % of people felt there was sense of community spirit after redevelopment in byker
60%
What % of shields road retail floor space was unused in 2017
19.6%
How many vacant shops in byker compared to previous 1980s
5 now 20
What is in place in byker to reduce crime rate
Collabs with Northumbria police and byker community trust - anti-social behaviour reduced by 80%
What was byker awarded in 2020
Award for best neighbourhood transformstion
What % of byker are white British
62.5%
What is byker like
Working class area, lots of terraced housing. Average house price £83000
% of houses rented in byker
76.8%
How many people with no qualifications and why in byker
Over half. More physical rather than academic. Due to industrial decline
Why are gis maps useful
Can see links between age, income , housing type due to colours
Can compare data to other places
Wide representation of place
Why are gis maps not useful
No insider opinions
Average score- doesn’t see variation
How do insider / outsider views differ for byker
Strong community l/ dump
How many people live in byker wall
9500
What was the byker wall referred to in 1982
An eyesore. Negative rep of anti social behaviour
How has byker pop changed
Decline in 1981- 33,000 left
Increase in 1891- 50,000 entering
What are advs of census data
Detailed picture of whole pop
Easy to compare different areas
Disadvs of census
Outdated
What has happened to demographics in killingworth 2001-2011 census
60-64% increase 2%. Suggests low levels of out migration.
Decrease in 3% white British
Decrease in rented housing- 9%
What % in full time work byker
Over 25% needed as low wages
Changes in 2001-2011 byker
10% decrease in white British
Manufacturing Nearly halved
