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Ap Human Geography > Geography Basics > Flashcards

Geography Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is scale?

A

Ratio between map size and and actual size

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2
Q

Projection

A

Transferring location on Earth’s surface to a flat map

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3
Q

True or False: Although it is difficult, it is possible to make an completely accurate 2D map

A

False, distortion makes it impossible to make a 2D map accurate

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4
Q

Name the 5 different types of climates from the Koppen System

A
  1. Tropical climate
  2. Dry climates
  3. Warm Mid-Latitude Climates
  4. Cold Mid-Latitude Climates
  5. Polar Climates
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5
Q

Is small scale when you zoom into a map or when you zoom out?

A

Zoom out

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6
Q

Is large scale when you zoom into a map or zoom out?

A

Zoom in

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7
Q

What are the pros and cons of the Mercator projection?

A

Pros - Direction is constant and has a rectangular shape

Cons- The area is distorted around the poles

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8
Q

What is remote sensing?

A

Using satellites to get surface info

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9
Q

What is Triangulation?

A

A global positioning system that uses satellites to code information.

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10
Q

What is GiS?

A

A geographic Information System. It is a computer system that captures images that can be divided into different layers of info

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11
Q

Place

A

The unique location of a feature

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12
Q

Location

A

The position of something on Earth’s surface

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13
Q

Another word for the name of a place?

A

Topynym

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14
Q

What is site?

A

The physical character of the place

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15
Q

What is situation?

A

The relation between one place and another

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16
Q

Name 4 ways to identify a Place

A
  1. Topynym
  2. Site
  3. Situation
  4. Mathematical Location
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17
Q

What is relative location?

A

Location described on it’s relation to another place.

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18
Q

Is the following example relative or absolute location?

The Empire State Building is 365 kilometers (227 miles) north of the White House.

A

Relative location

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19
Q

What is absolute location?

A

The location’s exact place on Earth.

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20
Q

Is the following example absolute or relative location?

The Empire State Building is located at 40.7 degrees north (latitude), 74 degrees west (longitude).

A

Absolute location

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21
Q

Where is the prime meridian?

A

Greenwich, England

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22
Q

Each 15° move East or West is a _____ difference?

A

1 hour

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23
Q

When you move west do you minus or add the hours?

A

You minus the hours.

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24
Q

When you move East do you minus or add the hours?

A

Add

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25
Q

What is 90° North?

A

The North pole

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26
Q

What is 90° south?

A

The south pole

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27
Q

0° North or South is?

A

The equator

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28
Q

What is cartography?

A

The science of map making

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29
Q

Who is Aristotle?

A

A Greek Philosopher who attempted to prove the world is Spherical.

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30
Q

Where do some of the oldest maps come from?

A

The Babylonians.

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31
Q

What are maps?

A

A 2D flat model of the Earth’s surface.

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32
Q

What is culture?

A

Body of customary beliefs, traits and social forms that distinguish a group.

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33
Q

What is convergence?

A

When things become similar

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34
Q

What is globalization?

A

Process involving the entire world with econ/politics/culture

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35
Q

What do you call a region with a specific boundary

A

A formal/uniform region

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36
Q

What do you call a region with a specific function or purpose?

A

Functional/Nodal Region

37
Q

Whats a vernacular/perceptual region?

A

Regions based on what people perceive

38
Q

Define Diffusion

A

Idea/characteristics spread across space over time.

39
Q

Define Hearth

A

Place of origin for the idea

40
Q

What is space?

A

Where things are

41
Q

what is distribution?

A

The arrangement in a space

42
Q

What is density?

A

The frequency something occurs

43
Q

Path

A

Channels by which people move along

44
Q

Edge

A

Dividing lines between 2 phases. Ex: seashores

45
Q

District

A

Medium/Large section of the city, with wealthy area

46
Q

Landmark

A

Point of reference

47
Q

Nodes

A

Strategic spot where extra focus is given

48
Q

What does a gravity model do?

A

Helps predict how much interaction one place will have relative to another

49
Q

Will higher distance cause higher or lower interaction?

A

Lower interaction

50
Q

Will lower distance cause higher or lower interaction?

A

Higher interaction

51
Q

Bigger population means more or less interaction?

A

More

52
Q

Smaller population means more or less interaction?

A

Less

53
Q

pros and cons of Robinson Projection

A
  • Good: Display info across ocean

- Bad: Land area smaller

54
Q

Pros and Cons of Fuller (or Dymaxion) Projection

A
  • Good: Less distortion of area size/shape

- Bad: Must be laid out, still has distortions

55
Q

What is time determined by

A

Longitude

56
Q

Divergence

A

When things move away or split apart

57
Q

Name 3 Concentration Patterns

A
  1. Clustered
  2. Uniform
  3. Dispersed.
58
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

Movement of people bringing ideas from one place to another

59
Q

What are the 3 styles of Expansion Diffusion?

A
  1. Hierarchical
  2. Contagious
  3. Stimulus
60
Q

Define hierarchical diffusion

A

Spread ideas from persons in power to others

61
Q

Define contagious diffusion

A

Spread idea immediately in population

62
Q

Define stimulus diffusion

A

Spread underlying principle even though a characteristic of it fails to spread

63
Q

Explain the concept of Environmental Determinism

A

The theory that physical geographic features have a strong influence on cultural factors and human activity

64
Q

Explain the concept of Environmental Possibilism

A

The theory is that people can adjust or overcome an environment.

65
Q

Distance decay

A

the phenomenon the further apart they are, the less likely it is that they will interact very much.

66
Q

Space-Time Compression

A

the compression of geographic space by means of faster transport and communication.

67
Q

Name two purposes for maps.

A
  1. As reference tool.

2. As a communications tool.

68
Q

Who was the first person to use the term “Geography?”

A

Eratosthenes

69
Q

Name one contribution of Eratosthenes.

A

He prepared one of the earliest maps of the known world.

70
Q

What advantage that a large-scale map has over a small-scale map?

A

Since it shows a small portion of the Earth, it can display more information about a place.

71
Q

What advantage that a small-scale map has over a large-scale map?

A

Since it shows the entire globe, it can communicate processes and trends that affect everyone across the world.

72
Q

List 4 things that typically get distorted in a projection?

A
  1. shape
  2. distance
  3. relative size
  4. direction
73
Q

What is latitude?

A

Latitude is the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator.

74
Q

What is Longitude?

A

Longitude is the measurement east or west of the prime meridian.

75
Q

How are longitude and latitude used?

A

They are used together to identify locations.

76
Q

What is the name for the line drawn at 0 degrees longitude?

A

meridians

77
Q

How many degrees of longitude is the Earth divided into?

A

360°

78
Q

What is a meridian

A

an arc drawn between the North and South poles.

79
Q

What degree longitude does the International Date Line follow?

A

180° longitude.

80
Q

True or False: Although most countries follow the international Date Line of 180° longitude, there are a few exceptions.

A

True, Kiribati, Samoa, and the islands belonging to them moved the International Date Line several thousand kilometers east.

81
Q

How many timezones are there?

A

24 time zones.

82
Q

How is longitude divided into timezones?

A

Every 15° band in the 360 degrees of longitude is assigned to a timezone. 360/15 = 24 timezones.

83
Q

Who is John Harrison?

A

An English clockmaker who won several million dollars for inventing the first clock.

84
Q

Identify four ways in which places can receive names

A
  1. named after a person
  2. . name associated with a religion

3 name that indicates the origin of its settlers

  1. name deriving from features of a physical environment
85
Q

What is cultural ecology?

A

The geographic study of human-environment relationships

86
Q

What are the 3 pillars of sustainability?

A
  1. The environment pillar
  2. The economy pillar
  3. The society pillar
87
Q

The Environment Pillar.

A

The sustainable use and management of Earth’s resources.

88
Q

The Economy Pillar

A

Natural resources acquire monetary value through an exchange in the marketplace

89
Q

The Society Pillar

A

When consumers make choices that support sustainability.

Ap Human Geography (3 decks)

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