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INTLSTD 101 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

Geography

A

the study of the interaction of physical and human phenomena at individual places and of how interactions among places form patterns and organize spaces

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2
Q

The two primary focuses of geography

A

Physical: anything involving the environment
Human: anything involving people

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3
Q

The six elements of geography

A

Space, Place and Regions, Physical, Human, Environment and Society, and Uses

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4
Q

The Space Element of Geography

A

This looks at patterns of activity: how we organize and interact with space and people

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5
Q

The Place and Regions Element of Geography:

A

both physical and human creations. These are not a given. They help us understand the complexities of Earth and are shaped by different cultures

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6
Q

The Human Element of Geography

A

How people shape the planet. It’s how humans spread out and affect the world. It captures how our ideas and theories are often changing

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7
Q

The Environment and Society Element of Geography

A

This covers the interrelation between the two. How humans, the media, and environment affect one another.

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8
Q

The Uses Element of Geography

A

Past, present, and future

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9
Q

The Three Primary Aspects of Geography

A

Space, Region, and Environment

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10
Q

Define Space as an aspect of geography

A

Simply put, it is location, or where things and people are. It’s three major features are nodes, networks, and territories

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11
Q

What are the three major features of space?

A

nodes, networks, territories

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12
Q

What are nodes and what aspect of geography do they relate to?

A

Space; they are points where people congregate; where they live, interact, and exist

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13
Q

What are networks and what aspect of geography do they relate to?

A

Space; they are the transport systems between nodes

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14
Q

What are Territories and what aspect of geography do they relate to?

A

Space; they are divisions of some surface into segments. Spatial Organization is highly relevant to territorial divisions

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15
Q

Spatial Organization

A

How people delineated territories

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16
Q

What two factors create order for a system to work?

A

Spatial interaction and spatial organization

17
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

Analyzing the flows, interdependence, and underlying structures of points in space and geography

18
Q

Within space, how does the combination of the two spatial factors create order for the system to work? (Name three aspects)

A

It defines how society coordinates efforts in resource distribution, it specifies responsibilities of groups and individuals, and it prevents people from getting in each other’s way

19
Q

Regions as an Aspect of Geography

A

A concept people create and use to differentiate one area from another. It is important to remember that regions are social constructions

20
Q

The two types of regions

A

Formal/Uniform and Functional

21
Q

Uniform/Formal Regions

A

Areas in which selected characteristics are present, such as terrain, language, and GDP per capita. These are often defined by the government or other structures.

22
Q

Functional Regions

A

Areas in which an activity has a network and node. These are dynamic as changes occur in connections that ultimately alter the map. Functional regions can be thought of as being made up of a central place (the node) and surrounding places affected by it (the network) via a transportation route. They have a use of some sort, hence are called “functional”

23
Q

Environment as an Aspect of Geography

A

Our natural surroundings. The environment deals with how we interact with our natural surroundings and resources to make our lives function – how we utilize natural surroundings

24
Q

Resource and its Aspect of Geography

A

Environment; the functions that an object or substance may perform and every resources needs humans to fashion its uses, by definition. Resources must be fashioned into use of characteristics which are neither evident nor inherent

25
Q

The three types of resources

A

non-renewable: finite amounts
continuous flow renewable: approaches inexhaustibility
short-term renewable: sustainable through careful management

26
Q

The Three Possible Environmental Relationships

A

Environmental Determinism, Human Determinism, Environmental Possibilism.

27
Q

Environmental Determinism and model

A

It claims that humans run by the stimulus-response model, in which environmental change induces human response and that humans have in independent agency

28
Q

Human Determinism and model

A

People can learn to and essentially control the environment in favor of their needs. Humans are driven by the opportunity-incentive model in which the environment presents opportunities for change and humans will make changes which incentives emerge.

29
Q

Environmental Possibilism and model

A

The Environment is a set of constraints, but decisions and actions of humans influence and determine development. EP is based on the feedback model, stating that the environment presents limitations and humans select from possible options, recognizing possible sensitivities and anticipating consequences

30
Q

What id the Primary Acting Agent of Environmental Determinism?

A

The environment

31
Q

What is the responding agent of environmental determinism

A

Humans

32
Q

What is the model of environmental determinism

A

stimulus-response

33
Q

What is the primary acting agent of human determinism

A

humans

34
Q

What is the responding agent of human determinism

A

environment

35
Q

What is the model of human determinism

A

opportunity-incentive

36
Q

What is the primary acting agent of environmental possibilism

A

both humans and the environment

37
Q

What is the responding agent of environmental possibilism

A

both humans and the environment

38
Q

What is the model of environmental possibilism

A

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INTLSTD 101 (8 decks)

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