Geography 4.1 Geology In UK Flashcards
Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in UK of igneous rocks
In the uk there are many different igneous rocks which have been formed over the years. They usually range from around 301350 million years ago and are a lot older than the sedimentary rocks.
These types of rocks are formed my cooling magma under the earths surface and occurs when this magma cools to stone. An example where this occurs is in the Scottish Highlands where the oldest rocks are formed.
Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in UK of sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rock is usually a lot younger than igneous or metamorphic rock and is formed by the build up of dead bones and sea shells. It would be 30-150 million years old and is a-lot less resistant than the harder rocks. You could find the type of rock in the UKs lowlands and southern coasts.
Compare metamorphic and igneous rock
Igneous rock forms from beneath the earth surface from cooling of magma whereas metamorphic is the change of both igneous and sedimentary rocks. Therefore one requires extreme heat whereas the other requires extreme pressure to be formed.
Compare the formation and characteristics of granite and carboniferous limestone
Granite is a light coloured igneous rock with grains visible to the naked eye. It is usually formed from the slow crystallisation of magma below the earths surface. The carboniferous limestone is a collective term for limestones across britain, they were formed from deposited sediment from the carboniferous period.
Compare the formation and characteristics of chalk and slate
Chalk is a sedimentary rock and a pure form of limestone which was created in warm tropical seas around 100 million years ago in the cretaceous period. On the other hand slate is a metamorphic rock created under relatively low pressure and temperature, the original sediments usually are clay.
Explain when and how active volcanoes shaped the uplands of the UK
Active volcanoes shaped the north of the UK by creating large land masses. The growth of these volcanoes formed the large mountains and what are now known as the highlands in scotland.
Explain how glacial erosion and deposition shaped the UK uplands
Glacial erosion and deposition massively affected the UK.
Valleys were carved out by the glaciers and formed large U shaped valleys over millions of years.
Deposition formed large pieces of very fertile land and moraines.
Moraines are the deposits of sediment and material by glacial errosion and can usually be seen as bumps down the bottom of a valley.
Explain when and how sedimentary rock was formed across the UK Lowlands
Sedimentary rock was formed along the lowlands of the UK. This was when it was once under the warm tropical sea. The rock was formed by deposited rocks and sediment and also creatures that lived by the sea floor. This made a massive impact on the rocks you will find in the lowlands of the UK
Explain how glacial deposition shaped the UK Lowlands
Glacial deposition formed moraines in the lowlands. This broke up the flat land and changed the landscape so that instead of it being just flat, it also is quite bumpy from all the material and sediment deposited from glacial erosion
Explain how scarp and vale topography forms in the UK Lowlands
A scarp and vale topography consist of parallel sequence of scarps and dip slopes in a valley. It is in the lowland due to mesozoic sediments.
Folds into anticline which is eroded by glacial melt water.eroded the top middle sedimentary rock creating a weald,scarps are different layers of rock at the steep slopes
