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GCSES > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

What country’s use soft enginering?

A

LEDC poor country’s

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2
Q

Give three benefits of soft engineeing?

A

Cheap
Leaves fertile silt
Gives free water

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3
Q

What’s the term for where two rivers meet?

A

A confluence

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4
Q

Why does a confluence create a bigger discharge?

A

Because the tributaries are adding more water

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5
Q

What type of graph shows a flood?

A

A hydrograph

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6
Q

Name an area we have studied where soft engineering is used?

A

Bangladesh

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7
Q

Why do country’s like Bangladesh use soft engineering, give three reasons.

A

They need the fertile soil that the flood leaves behind,

They also need the water,

Costs nothing

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8
Q

How many flood shelters are there in Bangladesh?

A

5000

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9
Q

Name 3 reasons why soft engineering is a bad idea.

A

Costly to clean up and repair the damage,

Floods homes/roads/livestock

Causes death of animals

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10
Q

Name a country where hard engineering is used?

A

USA

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11
Q

How many dams were built on the Tennessee river?

A

29

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12
Q

What are the odds of a flood in Mississippi River?

A

1 in 500

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13
Q

What type of power does the Mississippi River make, thanks to these dams?

How expensive is this power?

A

Hydro electric, which comes at a cost of £0

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14
Q

To date, how much money has been saved by the building of 29 dams on the Tennessee river, protecting the Mississippi River?

A

£4 billion

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15
Q

What happened in 1992 regarding the 29 dams on the Tennessee river?

A

In 1992 it rained south of the dams, which caused 60 people to die

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16
Q

Straightening the course of a river creates what?

A

More land on the flood planes

17
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Rubbing of bed + banks by the load

18
Q

What is hydrolic action

A

Force/impact of running water hitting into the banks/bed

19
Q

What is solution?

A

Minerals in alkaline rock (limestone) are dissolved by acidic rain water

20
Q

How much did the building of 29 dams on the Tennessee river cost?

A

£7 billion

21
Q

Name 3 problems with the aftermath of the straightening of the course of a river?

A

It takes ages for the land to be created.

Fertile silt never left on the flood plain again.

Very expensive

22
Q

Name 3 benefits of the aftermath of the straightening of the course of a river

A

Better for transport-> better for trade

Creates more land

Water passes to sea faster

23
Q

When does lateral erosion occur?

Oxbow lakes

A

As the river cliffs are undercut and collapse, the meander neck narrows until the outer banks almost touch. In normal flow the river lacks the energy to snap the meander neck.

24
Q

In a flood does the river have enough energy to snap the meander neck, and if so what by?

A

Yes and hydrolic action

25
Q

After a meander neck has broken through what happens after the flood?

A

Water has drained away small particles sediment and pebbles are deposited either side of the new straight channel. These form natural embankments called leveés these prevent river water from entering the former meander.

Overtime the water in the oxbow lake evaporates, leaving a meander scar

26
Q

Name two things that lateral erosion does?

A

Created wide flat flood plains.

Large wide meanders and oxbow lakes

27
Q

Name two things that vertical erosion does?

A

Steep sided V shaped valley

Straight flowing rivers

28
Q

What is river discharge?

A

The volume of water passing a given point in a river.

29
Q

What is river discharge measured in?

A

Cumecs (cubic meters per second)

30
Q

OXBOW LAKES

Name five things the inner bank does.

A

Has slowest energy

Carries far less energy

Deposits loads as not enough energy to carry load along

Heaviest load is rounded pebbles

Slip of slope

31
Q

What’s a slip off slope?

A

Forms on the inside of a meander bend as a result of deposition in the slower flowing water

32
Q

OXBOW LAKES

Name 5 thinks the outer bank does?

A

Has the fastest flow

Has the highest energy levels

Transports load in suspension

Abrasion of outerbank and hydrolic action

River cliff

GCSES (6 decks)

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