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Year 9 Mid Years > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the Earth is found above the mantle?

A

The crust

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2
Q

What is the name given to semi-molten rock?

A

Magma

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3
Q

What is slab pull?

A

Slab pull is when older, more dense crust sinks at subduction zones

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4
Q

What is the name given to margins where plates move together?

A

Subduction

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5
Q

What is the name given to margins wher plates move apart?

A

Constructive

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6
Q

What is the name given to margins where plates move along side eachother?

A

Conservative

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7
Q

What islands are found above hot spots?

A

Hawaii

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8
Q

Where do volcanoes occur?

A

At constructive and destructive plate margins. Earthquakes occur at any plate margin

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9
Q

What is subduction?

A

When the oceanic plate is forced beneath the conintental plate

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10
Q

Where is continental crust found

A

Under land masses and continents

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11
Q

What is the geographical term for what is in the middle of the earth?

A

The inner core

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12
Q

What is the inner core?

A

Is in the centre and is hottest part of the eart. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500°C

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13
Q

What is the geographical term for what is surrounding the inner core?

A

The outer core

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14
Q

What is the outer core?

A

The layer surrounding the inner core, it is a liquid layer made up of iron and nickel

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15
Q

What is the thickest layer of the earth?

A

The mantle

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16
Q

What is the mantle?

A

The thickest section of the Earth at approximately 2900 km. The mantle is made up of semi molten rock called magma

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17
Q

What is the crust?

A

The outer layer of the earth, it is a thin 0-60km thick, solid rock layer upon which we live. It is either continental or oceanic

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18
Q

What are tectonic plates?

A

A set of adjacent, slow-moving plates which make up the Earth’s crust

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19
Q

What is a plate margin?

A

The region where two or more tectonic plates meet. It is a zone of intense seismic activity

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20
Q

What are convection currents?

A

A movement within the Earth’s mantle caused by the heat of the core

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21
Q

What is continental crust?

A

The surface of the earths crust found underneath large land masses

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22
Q

What is oceanic crust?

A

The surface of the earths crust found underneath the oceans, forming the ocean floor

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23
Q

The movement of heat rising and falls underneath all of those plates is called?

A

Convection currents

24
Q

What can convection currents do?

A

Move the plates side to side or pull them apart

25
Q

What plate boundary does Iceland sits on?

A

Constructive/divergent plate boundary

26
Q

What happens at constructive/divergent plate boundaries?

A

2 plates are pulling apart, magma is rising up through the gap of the earths crust coursing shield volcanoes and creating islands like Iceland

27
Q

What 2 plates are moving towards eachother in Japan?

A

Continental and oceanic plates

28
Q

What margins are continental and oceanic plates pushing against eachother called?

A

Destructive/convergent plate boundary

29
Q

Are oceanic plates thicker and made of denser material than continental plates?

A

No, oceanic plates are thinner and made of denser material

30
Q

When oceanic and continental plates meet what plates sinks beneath?

A

The oceanic plate sinks beneath the less dense continental plate

31
Q

What is it called when oceanic plates sink beneath the less dense continental plate?

A

Subduction

32
Q

Where does it occur when 2 plates of the same density collide?

A

Collision plate boundaries

33
Q

How did the Himalayen mountain range form?

A

Collision plate boundaries, 2 plates push against eachother and the massive pressure makes the Earths crust buckle

34
Q

What occurs when 2 plates push against eachother and the massive pressure makes the Earths crust buckle?

A

Fold mountains

35
Q

What plate boundary is found in California?

A

Conservative plate boundaries

36
Q

What happens at conservative plate boundaries?

A

Plates are moving along side eachother at different speeds or different directions

37
Q

What happens when the plates get stuck and then finally dislodge?

A

We feel the effects as an earthquake at the Earth surface

38
Q

What does sustainable mean?

A

Something that is good for people and the environment now and in the future

39
Q

What does tourism provide?

A

Different types of jobs, meaning the people arent for ed to damage the environmeng in order to make a living

40
Q

What is negative effect of tourism?

A

It can provide a source of conflict between countries and locals

41
Q

What is conflict?

A

A serious disagreement between individuals or groups

42
Q

What is Wegners theory and explain it?

A

The theory of continental drift in the early 20th century. Wegner published a paper explaining his theory that the continental landmasess were “drifting” across the earth, sometimes plowing through oceans and into eachother

43
Q

What happens at Ocean ridges such as the Mid-Atlantic ridge?

A

The eurasan plate and the north atlantic plate are moving away from eachother under the atlantic ocean

44
Q

What are rift valleys such as the east African rift valley?

A

A developimg divergent plate boundary

45
Q

Biggest impact of the Haiti earthquake?

A

Left more than 1.5 million people homeless and resulted in an immense humanitarian crisis

46
Q

What are tectonic hazards?

A

Threats caused by the movement of tectonic plates that have the potential of causing damage to life, property, the environment, human activity or the economy

47
Q

1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?

A

Flooding

48
Q

1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?

A

Earthquakes

49
Q

1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?

A

Tsunamies

50
Q

1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?

A

Volcanoes

51
Q

What is a superpower nation?

A

Countries that are the most powerful nations in the world and have global influence to the global economic wealth, military, geography, resources and cultural identity

52
Q

What are factors that make a country a superpower?

A

Military, economic, political and cultural

53
Q

How can economic power be demonstrated?

A

By the suze of a countries GDP, the strength of their currency and their participation in global economic partnerhsips such as GB

54
Q

What does BRIC mean and stand for in BRIC nations?

A

B- Brazil
R- Russia
I- India
C- China
and South Africa

55
Q

What does MINT stand for?

A

M- Mexico
I- Indonesia
N- Nigeria
T- Turkey

56
Q

What does MINT actually mean?

A

Fast economic growth countries

57
Q

What does BRIC actually mean?

A

They BRICS countries include more than 40% of the worlds population and occupy over a quarter lf the worlds land mass areas

Year 9 Mid Years (7 decks)

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