Geography Flashcards
Which part of the Earth is found above the mantle?
The crust
What is the name given to semi-molten rock?
Magma
What is slab pull?
Slab pull is when older, more dense crust sinks at subduction zones
What is the name given to margins where plates move together?
Subduction
What is the name given to margins wher plates move apart?
Constructive
What is the name given to margins where plates move along side eachother?
Conservative
What islands are found above hot spots?
Hawaii
Where do volcanoes occur?
At constructive and destructive plate margins. Earthquakes occur at any plate margin
What is subduction?
When the oceanic plate is forced beneath the conintental plate
Where is continental crust found
Under land masses and continents
What is the geographical term for what is in the middle of the earth?
The inner core
What is the inner core?
Is in the centre and is hottest part of the eart. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500°C
What is the geographical term for what is surrounding the inner core?
The outer core
What is the outer core?
The layer surrounding the inner core, it is a liquid layer made up of iron and nickel
What is the thickest layer of the earth?
The mantle
What is the mantle?
The thickest section of the Earth at approximately 2900 km. The mantle is made up of semi molten rock called magma
What is the crust?
The outer layer of the earth, it is a thin 0-60km thick, solid rock layer upon which we live. It is either continental or oceanic
What are tectonic plates?
A set of adjacent, slow-moving plates which make up the Earth’s crust
What is a plate margin?
The region where two or more tectonic plates meet. It is a zone of intense seismic activity
What are convection currents?
A movement within the Earth’s mantle caused by the heat of the core
What is continental crust?
The surface of the earths crust found underneath large land masses
What is oceanic crust?
The surface of the earths crust found underneath the oceans, forming the ocean floor
The movement of heat rising and falls underneath all of those plates is called?
Convection currents
What can convection currents do?
Move the plates side to side or pull them apart
What plate boundary does Iceland sits on?
Constructive/divergent plate boundary
What happens at constructive/divergent plate boundaries?
2 plates are pulling apart, magma is rising up through the gap of the earths crust coursing shield volcanoes and creating islands like Iceland
What 2 plates are moving towards eachother in Japan?
Continental and oceanic plates
What margins are continental and oceanic plates pushing against eachother called?
Destructive/convergent plate boundary
Are oceanic plates thicker and made of denser material than continental plates?
No, oceanic plates are thinner and made of denser material
When oceanic and continental plates meet what plates sinks beneath?
The oceanic plate sinks beneath the less dense continental plate
What is it called when oceanic plates sink beneath the less dense continental plate?
Subduction
Where does it occur when 2 plates of the same density collide?
Collision plate boundaries
How did the Himalayen mountain range form?
Collision plate boundaries, 2 plates push against eachother and the massive pressure makes the Earths crust buckle
What occurs when 2 plates push against eachother and the massive pressure makes the Earths crust buckle?
Fold mountains
What plate boundary is found in California?
Conservative plate boundaries
What happens at conservative plate boundaries?
Plates are moving along side eachother at different speeds or different directions
What happens when the plates get stuck and then finally dislodge?
We feel the effects as an earthquake at the Earth surface
What does sustainable mean?
Something that is good for people and the environment now and in the future
What does tourism provide?
Different types of jobs, meaning the people arent for ed to damage the environmeng in order to make a living
What is negative effect of tourism?
It can provide a source of conflict between countries and locals
What is conflict?
A serious disagreement between individuals or groups
What is Wegners theory and explain it?
The theory of continental drift in the early 20th century. Wegner published a paper explaining his theory that the continental landmasess were “drifting” across the earth, sometimes plowing through oceans and into eachother
What happens at Ocean ridges such as the Mid-Atlantic ridge?
The eurasan plate and the north atlantic plate are moving away from eachother under the atlantic ocean
What are rift valleys such as the east African rift valley?
A developimg divergent plate boundary
Biggest impact of the Haiti earthquake?
Left more than 1.5 million people homeless and resulted in an immense humanitarian crisis
What are tectonic hazards?
Threats caused by the movement of tectonic plates that have the potential of causing damage to life, property, the environment, human activity or the economy
1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?
Flooding
1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?
Earthquakes
1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?
Tsunamies
1 of the 5 tectonic hazards?
Volcanoes
What is a superpower nation?
Countries that are the most powerful nations in the world and have global influence to the global economic wealth, military, geography, resources and cultural identity
What are factors that make a country a superpower?
Military, economic, political and cultural
How can economic power be demonstrated?
By the suze of a countries GDP, the strength of their currency and their participation in global economic partnerhsips such as GB
What does BRIC mean and stand for in BRIC nations?
B- Brazil
R- Russia
I- India
C- China
and South Africa
What does MINT stand for?
M- Mexico
I- Indonesia
N- Nigeria
T- Turkey
What does MINT actually mean?
Fast economic growth countries
What does BRIC actually mean?
They BRICS countries include more than 40% of the worlds population and occupy over a quarter lf the worlds land mass areas
