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Study Y11 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

When did Hurricane Katrina hit land?

A

August 29, 2005, at 6:10am

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2
Q

What are the windspeeds of a category 5 hurricane?

A

157 mph +

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3
Q

What are the windspeeds of a category 4 hurricane?

A

130-156 mph

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4
Q

How much in advance were the residents of New Orleans warned about the Hurricane?

A

One day

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5
Q

What are the main natural impacts?

A

Animals and wildlife, the contamination of Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi river, and the flooding from storm surges

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6
Q

What are the main cultural impacts?

A

Loss of life and community, displacement, and industry loss

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7
Q

How were breeding grounds destroyed?

A

They were washed away or saturated by water

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8
Q

Give some examples of breeding grounds that were destroyed

A

Marine animals, turtles, brown pelicans

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9
Q

What about mosquitoes?

A

The hurricane left a perfect environment for mosquitos, with much standing water.

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10
Q

What were the mosquitoes like?

A

They weren’t generally disease-bringers but are ‘agressive biters’

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11
Q

What happened to plants? Give examples of plants.

A

Many plants were saturated, blown away, felled, or lost branches, such as wheat and around 320 million trees.

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12
Q

How did the change that Hurricane Katrina have on the animals and wildlife show interaction?

A

It shows the interaction between the environment, the animals, and the hurricane, as because of Hurricane Katrina, both animals, foliage, and the environments where they all were all got put into danger.

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13
Q

What did Hurricane Katrina sweep up as it passed through New Orleans?

A

Sewage, bacteria, household chemicals, other pesticides, and a lot of oil

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14
Q

Where was the oil that was deposited into Lake Pontchartrain from, and how much was there?

A

From the Gulf of Mexico, there was around one million galleons

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15
Q

What caused Hurricane Katrina to be labelled an environmental disaster?

A

The 1 million gallons of oil emptied into Lake Pontchartrain

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16
Q

What marine activities is Lake Pontchartrain host to?

A

Sailing, fishing, kayaking

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17
Q

What marine life does Lake Pontchartrain house?

A

Speckled trout, Catfish, blue crabs, and the occasional shark or dolphin

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18
Q

What is the sole source of water for much of southern Louisiana?

A

The Mississippi River

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19
Q

How many people died from drinking contaminated water just a few days after the event?

A

5

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20
Q

What was the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the change of animals and wildlife?

A

A relatively short-term negative impact, as the species affected could not return to their homes until the water was gone, which took quite a long time. Plants were replated fairly easily, once the soil had dried up a bit, but animals were forced to take their time to return.

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21
Q

Describe the impact that Hurricane Katrina had on Lake Pontchartrain and other waters.

A

A long-term negative impact, as it required a lot of effort, manpower, and money to complete the process to fully decontaminate the waters that these people drink from, and regain the feeling of Kaitiakitanga.

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22
Q

Why is New Orleans vulnerable to flooding?

A

New Orleans was vulnerable to flooding because it is built on a peat swamp and has bodies of water to either side that are far higher than the city itself (see diagram).

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23
Q

What is a peat swamp?

A

A piece of land that has sunk below water level

24
Q

How much of New Orleans was how much underwater?

A

80% of New Orleans was 8m underwater

25
Q

Where was the worst flooding, and where was it?

A

The worst flooding was at Port Christian with 8.5m of flooding.

26
Q

What was the pattern regarding flooding?

A

There was a pattern of worse flooding around canals or closer to the ocean. This is because the water was closer, so it was easier for water levels to rise.

27
Q

Describe the process of flooding

A

The process of flooding began because of the peat swamp and began rising rapidly, helped by the large bodies of water of Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi River on either side.

28
Q

How fast did water levels rise in relation to the levees?

A

It has been stated that in some places, water levels rose by several feet in just 15 minutes of the levees breaking, such as the Industrial Street Canal levee and 17th Street Canal levee,

29
Q

What did the flooding mean, in relation to the people?

A

The flooding meant that people were trapped in houses until the water went down or rescue crews were able to help.

30
Q

What happened to the rescue operations?

A

The rescue operations were hindered by the floods, as they couldn’t use cars and instead had to rely on more creative methods in order to help.

31
Q

How many houses did the flooding ruin?

A

300,000 were destroyed or deemed unlivable

32
Q

Describe the impact of the flooding

A

This was a long-term negative impact because many people lost their homes and rescue and building operations were still required in 2006 and later.

33
Q

Give the structure of a paragraph

A

Point - introduce the topic
Evidence - provide stats
Analysis - Long/short term negative/positive impact, because…
Link - refer back to the question to prove that it answers it

34
Q

MAKE A LIST OF THINGS TO MENTION TO WRITE QUICKLY IN PLANNING SECTION!!

A

I haven’t written it yet bro

35
Q

Say the introduction

A

On August 29, 2005, at 6:10am, Hurricane Katrina hit land in New Orleans and left a path of destruction in its wake. The hurricane reached a category 5 (with windspeeds of 157 mph+) in the Gulf of Mexico but lowered to a category 4 (windspeeds of 130-156 mph) upon landfall. The residents of New Orleans were warned about the hurricane one day in advance. Hurricane Katrina heavily affected New Orleans, with both natural and cultural impacts, however this essay will be focusing on the ___ impacts. They include __, ___, and ____.

36
Q

What were the cultural impacts?

A

Loss of life and community, displacement, and industry loss

37
Q

What were the natural impacts?

A

Animals and wildlife, contamination of waters, and flooding from storm surges

38
Q

How many people died from Hurricane Katrina, and how many were left homeless or with damaged homes?

A

An estimated 1,833 people died from Hurricane Katrina, with millions left homeless or with damaged homes.

39
Q

How was a feeling of Whanaungatanga lost?

A

Many people had to leave loved ones behind and move elsewhere to begin to rebuild their lives, losing a feeling of Whanaungatanga.

40
Q

What community centres were rendered unusable?

A

Numerous community centres, such as schools, churches, sports facilities, shopping centres, and shelters were rendered unusable, meaning that the community didn’t have places that it felt right to come together.

41
Q

Describe the impact of loss of life and community?

A

A long-term negative impact, because it is always hard to move on from a loved one, especially when they are taken so fast. Also, much of the community was forced away from Louisiana, meaning less community remained to rebuild from. Many projects and measures were put in place, such as the Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System, which was done soon after the event. Personally, I think there should have been more projects up regarding the mental health of citizens, as it really is a triggering event.

42
Q

How many people were evacuated and where did they go?

A

770,000 people were evacuated, with many of them travelling to Houston, rather far away from their families.

43
Q

How many buildings near the coast were flattened?

A

90% of all buildings near the coast were flattened

44
Q

Why did people stay in New Orleans for a start, before the hurricane?

A

Lots of people decided to stay in New Orleans when the initial warning was given, as hurricanes happened around every 7-11 years, so it was relatively common, and ‘hurricane parties’ were looked forward to by many, which unfortunately gave the illusion that everyone was safe.

45
Q

Give the population difference

A

In 2000, the population was 100,000 people higher than in 2010, after the hurricane.

46
Q

What was the impact of less people living in New Orleans?

A

Because there were a lot less people living in New Orleans, this means that there were less hands to assist with the rebuilding that was required.

47
Q

Describe the impact of diplacement

A

This was a long-term negative impact, because so many people made the decision to leave their home town which led to a large decrease in population, meaning it was far harder to regain what they had before.

48
Q

What industries were severely affected by Hurricane Katrina?

A

The industries of agriculture, commerce, and property management

49
Q

What was the pattern regarding property damage?

A

There was extensive property damage of numerous properties, with a pattern of it being worse around the coastline, leading to loss in the real estate market.

50
Q

What happened to shrimp?

A

There were several hundred tons of uncooked shrimp that were washed out of their containers on the Gulf Port of Mississippi, meaning loss for both the people they belonged to and the businesses that were lined up to buy them.

51
Q

Discuss how the change in everyday routines affected industries

A

Due partially to distruption from everyday routines and the processes that were required to make sales, these industries also lost more money because they were unable to travel to make deals elsewhere.

52
Q

How much debris had spread across land and sea?

A

118 million cubic yards of debris had spread across land and sea, meaning that they all had to be cleaned up.

53
Q

Describe the impact on the industry

A

This was a relatively long-term cultural impact, because it does take time to earn money, particularly in industries where they have to pay to earn the money, such as agriculture, commerce, and property.

54
Q

How much damage was done?

A

Around $125 billion in damage, much of which was real estate

55
Q

Final checklist!

A

Check for a geographic concept in EVERYTHING
Make sure I’ve mentioned analysis (short/long term negative/positive impact!)
Make sure points and links relate and are clear

Study Y11 (8 decks)

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