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Geography climate > geography > Flashcards

geography Flashcards

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1
Q

Water stress

A

When too much water is needed+ not enough is available

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2
Q

Irrigation

A

Using channels to water crops

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3
Q

Water security

A

When people have a reliable source of water

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4
Q

Water insecurity

A

Not having safe reliable source of water

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5
Q

Infrastructure

A

Basic equipment and structure needed for a country or region to function

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6
Q

Sanitation

A

Process of keeping places clean

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7
Q

What uses most water supply

A

70% -agriculture
Droughts and water shortage are big issues
Global impact on food production be supply

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8
Q

How can water supply a being diverted help increase water supply

A

Water can be stored for long periods of time
Stored in aquifers and reservoirs

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9
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of dams

A

Advantage-rain collected and released gradually during dry periods
Disadvantage-expensive to build and maintain,displacement of large numbers of people

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10
Q

example of water transfer scheme

A

UK the Kieler transfer scheme

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11
Q

define desalination

A

removal of salt from salt water to produce fresh water

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12
Q

what are issues with the process of desalinations

A

salt waste dumped back into the sea
vast amount of energy required
high cost of transporting the water

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13
Q

ways to conserve water

A

reducing leakages
monitoring illegal + unmetered connections
water tariffs
water metres
preventing pollution

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14
Q

why must ground water be managed

A

maintain the quantity + quality of water-if the water level falls water can be contaminated

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15
Q

water recycling

A

reusing treated domestic or industrial wastewater for useful purposes:
sewage water re-used for fish farming and agriculture

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16
Q

salination

A

when salt gathers in the soil after the water used for irrigation has evaporated
using to much water from rivers or ground water will cause salination

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17
Q

nee

A

newly emerging economy

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18
Q

hic

A

high income country

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19
Q

lic

A

low income country

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20
Q

tnc

A

transnational company

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21
Q

BRICS

A

Brazil
Russias
India
China
South africa

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22
Q

MINT

A

Mexico
Indonesia
Nigeria
Turkey

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23
Q

Brandt line

A

imaginary line that splits worl
poor south rich north

24
Q

GNI

A

gross natinal income

25
Q

mechanisation

A

introduction of machines into a process activity or place
results in less jobs

26
Q

primary sector

A

extraction of raw materials

27
Q

secondary sector

A

manufacturer of goods

28
Q

tertiary sector

A

service sector
any job that provides a service

29
Q

quaternary sector

A

industries that support and develop the services involving info technology and digital services

30
Q

subsidy

A

money given by GOV to help industry keep down costs

31
Q

tax breaks

A

reduction in amount of tax a company must pay

32
Q

rural to urban migration

A

people from countryside move t urban areas

33
Q

urbanisation

A

increase in No. ppl living in urban areas causing them to grow

34
Q

megacity

A

city with population over 10 mil ppl
Sao paulo

35
Q

informal work

A

jobs that arent taxed and workers do not have contracts or rights

36
Q

informal housing

A

housing units where occupants have no legal claim to land

37
Q

what are informal housing known as

A

favelas

38
Q

foot loose

A

industries that aren’t tied to a location due to natural resources or transport links

39
Q

globalisation

A

increase connectivity of countries around the world

40
Q

chaebols

A

rich familys in south korea
that own TNC’s

41
Q

glacial

A

cooler than av temp

42
Q

interglacial

A

warmer than av temp

43
Q

climate

A

average temperature+precipitation over 30 yr period and over large area

44
Q

evidence that tell us abt climate change

A

ice cores
sea ice covers
tree rings
thermometers
historical documents

45
Q

orbital change

A

milankovitch cycle

46
Q

a part of orbital change

A

eccentricity-earth journey changing around the sun
circular to elliptical
distance from sun increase and decrease

47
Q

axial tilt

A

earth spins around on its axis
angle changes due to its gravitational pull of moon
41000yrs

48
Q

sun spots

A

cooler area of suns surface that appear as dark spots
11 yr
increase intensity of suns rays heating earth

49
Q

volcanic erruptions

A

sulphur diocide released reducing temp as suns heat unable to enter atmosphere

50
Q

GHG

A

gases in earths atmosphere that trap heat
e.g methane ozone co2 nitrous oxide

51
Q

GHG effect

A

heat is trapped near earths surface by GHG
without it no life on earth

52
Q

enhanced GHG effect

A

human activity increasing the layer of GHG meaning more heat trapped in earth

53
Q

effects of climate change

A

rising sea levels
temperature
wildfires
water scarcity
food scarcity
tropical storms

54
Q

what countries are most at risk of climate change

A

high risk of climate crises but low ability of protecting communities

55
Q

consequence of climate change

A

frequent and intense natural disasters and extreme weather
destroy livelyhoods
intensify conflict
forced migration
worsened already existing challenges of droughts and food insecurity
flooding

56
Q
A

Geography climate (5 decks)

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