Geography Flashcards
What are the seven key concepts in geography: SPICESS.
- Space
- Place
- Interconnections
- Change
- Environment
- Sustainability
- Scale
What is a landform?
A landform is a natural geographic feature or shape that appears on the Earth’s surface (e.g. dune, hill, valley, beach or cave).
What is a landscape?
A landscape is a section of the Earth’s surface made up of a variety of geographical features (landforms) that characterise it; landscapes can be natural (e.g. coastal landscapes and mountain landscapes) or be created by humans (e.g. neighbourhoods and cities).
What are the 4 ways landscapes are valued?
- Cultural value
- Spiritual value
- Aesthetic value
- Economic value
What are the 5 physical layers of the Earth?
- Lithosphere
- Asthenosphere
- Mesosphere
- Outer core
- Inner core
What is a convergent plate boundary?
Plates move towards one another.
What is a divergent plate boundary?
Plates move away from each other.
what is a transform plate boundary?
Plates are sliding past one another.
What are three types of mountains?
- Fold mountains
- Fault/ block mountains
- Volcanoes
How are fold mountains formed?
Upward pressure where two plates converge.
How are fault/ block mountains formed?
Tectonic forces cause rocks to fracture along areas of weakness. Big blocks of rock pushed up or down.
How are volcanic mountains formed?
Created when magma pushes its way from beneath the Earth to the crust.
What is erosion?
The wearing away of land by waves and wind.
What is transportation?
The movement of material in the sea and along the coast by waves.
What is deposition?
The building up of land through deposits of sand and other material.
What is longshore drift?
Longshore drift is the process that moves material in a zigzag pattern along a beach by the wash and backwash of waves approaching the shore at an angle.
Explain the theory of plate tectonics?
Tectonic plates move due to the convection currents in the Asthenosphere. The hotter magma closer to the core rises, while the colder magma closer to the lithosphere falls.
Why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
Due to the movement of tectonic plates.
What is the difference between a subduction zone and a collision zone?
Subduction is when plates of different densities converge, the higher-density plate is pushed beneath the other one. Collision is when continental plates converge without subduction occurring.
What is meant by the term ‘riverine’?
Relating to or situated on a river/ riverbank (e.g. waterfalls, billabongs, floodplains, river channels).
What is meant by the term ‘karst’?
A landscape where the dissolving of bedrock has created sinkholes, sinking streams, etc (e.g. sinkholes, caves, springs).
What is meant by the term ‘arid’?
Having little or no rain (e.g. sand dunes, badlands, dry lakes).
