Geographical Vocations + Skills

Question 1

EAR vocations

Answer 1

Park ranger/tour guide/wildlife enforcement officer
Environmental scientist
Water quality officer

Question 2

UPs vocations

Answer 2

Landscape architect
City planner
Demographer/population analyst

Question 3

PEA vocations

Answer 3

Farmer
Agricultural specialist
Landscapers
Geotechnical engineer

Question 4

PARK RANGER

Answer 4

responsible for conducting tours, keeping areas clean, enforcing rules, etc

Question 5

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST

Answer 5

conducts research to prevent or eliminate dangers to the environment or public health (e.g. air/water pollution), developing plans and working with policymakers to pass legislation to keep community/environment safe

Question 6

WATER QUALITY OFFICER

Answer 6

water testing, plan, manage and design coastal, stormwater and floodplain management infrastructure - including built and natural form assets

Question 7

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

Answer 7

use knowledge of design and the natural world to create outdoor spaces like parks, campuses and other public places: measuring and analysing spaces to create designs using digital software

Question 8

CITY PLANNER - including primary/secondary data use

Answer 8

looking at sun path diagrams (primary and secondary) to show shadows buildings cast at different times of the year; determining access to sunlight and how much buildings gets to optimise amount of time for sun → won’t need to use artificial heating → more ecologically sustainable

Question 9

POPULATION ANALYST / DEMOGRAPHER

Answer 9

using population pyramids - methods for analysing fertility, mortality, migration and population compositions

advise govts where to spend money + resources on

Question 10

FARMER / AGRICULTURAL SPECIALIST

Answer 10

analysing global and local trends, and then linked with skills: local relief, aspect, gradient - to optimise efficient operations for maximum/optimal production

Question 11

LANDSCAPER

Answer 11

optimise shape/function of economic activity; reason: more economical especially in viticulture - shape of vines

Question 12

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER

Answer 12

consulting and supervising construction of an effluent pond for agriculture (requires soil testing, needs to have a high % of clay for pond to seal)

Question 13

GEOLOGIST

Answer 13

scholar who studies the earth in its liquid and solid matters - includes the study of the origin and movement of ground water, rock ages and formation/classification of fossils

IMPORTANT: professionally employed in mining sites to search for precious material such as metals, oil or other earth resources

Question 14

CITY PLANNER

Answer 14

develop new land use plans

help revitalise facilities that have become run-down, bringing new life to communities in need (urban renewal)

Question 15

CARTOGRAPHER

Answer 15

map-making

Question 16

PRIMARY FIELDWORK (GROUP 1)
These ones are a bit harder to link to vocations

Answer 16

Clinometer - measures angle of a slope
Barometer - measures air pressure
Anemometer - wind direction
Hygrometer - humidity
Hydrometer - humidity i.e. water vapour in soil and air
Speedometer - speed
Air flow meter - mass flow rate of air
Compass - measures direction
Sound meter - amount of sound i.e sound pressure level

Question 17

Link ecosystem at risk to vocation to primary fieldwork

Answer 17

Coastal dunes

Environmental scientist

soil pH testing - identify problem areas thus direct govts and volunteer groups where to best revegetate - high alkaline pH levels in hind dunes indicate effects of washovers and salt spray on more vulnerable tertiary vegetation

Photographing dunes with high foot traffic - enforcing fencing rules

Question 18

Recommend ONE primary and ONE secondary geographical method that could be used to assist one geographical vocation in the management of an ecosystem at risk. (4 marks)

Answer 18

Constructing a vegetation transect of a coastal dune - which places would need to require more revegetation (i.e. more vulnerable)

Analysing historical photographs - education of stakeholders in showing the public what teams are currently doing and the progress that they are making and for public cooperation

Question 19

Making comments on validity

Answer 19

Source of information (is it valid/trustworthy and why?)

When was it made/available? Is this recent?

Is the form of information transmission suitable for the particular type of data? e.g. wind roses for wind direction + speed

Question 20

Making comments on reliability

Answer 20

How many measurements are there?

How long was the time frame?

Are the results consistent?

Question 21

Making comments on usefulness

Answer 21

Does it relate to purpose of focus question?

Does it fully or partially answer the question?

What vocations can use this?

Question 22

When there’s soil…

Answer 22

Soil testing kit:
Soil probe - temperature of soil
Infiltrometer - device used to measure the rate of water infiltration into soil

Question 23

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST PRIMARY FIELDWORK

Answer 23

Refractometer - water salinity
Soil pH testing

Question 24

Primary fieldwork to do with people

Answer 24

Surveying
Interviewing
Questionnaire

Question 25

Primary fieldwork to do with creating

Answer 25

Transect - belt transects, vegetation transects
Photographs
Field sketches
Land use maps

Question 26

SECONDARY FIELDWORK (9)

Answer 26

Satellite images established on a meteorology website
Books and journal articles
Historical photographs - online generated photos
Online maps (choropleth, isoline, precinct, cadastral)
Developed diagrams, graphs, tables, illustrations, statistical analysis
Newspaper articles, letters, journal entries
Census Data
Other people’s results of primary fieldwork
Published reports, texts, editorials, audio-visual productions

Question 27

Formulating geographical inquiry questions (4)

Answer 27

What are the consequences of…?
What are the social/economic/environmental impacts?
How has it changed?
How does x affect y?

Question 28

Ethically sourcing primary data (5)

Answer 28

Respect traditional sites and learn about traditional rules (e.g. avoid trespassing private & sacred areas)

Respect confidentiality and anonymity (especially in surveys where participants have agreed to take part but want to remain anonymous)

Ensuring privacy of inhabitants in studied area

Receiving consent for proposed fieldwork/primary investigations, whereby participants should be able to withdraw from the research at any time (transparent information/description of investigation sheet)

Minimising impact on environment (or avoiding it altogether), e.g. not littering, not treading on native flora

Question 29

Ethically sourcing secondary data (3)

Answer 29

Observing academic conventions regarding plagiarism
Storing data appropriately
Acknowledging source materials

Question 30

Three (specific) ways that GIS is useful in the modern world:

Answer 30

1. GIS systems are often used to produce three-dimensional images. This is useful to geologists studying earthquake faults.
2. Many retail stores use GIS to help determine where to locate a new store.
3. Biologists use GIS to track animal migration patterns.

Question 31

What is GIS?

Answer 31

integrated computer tools for the handling, processing and analysing of geographical data

Question 32

Benefits of GIS

Answer 32

Better decision making

Reduced operational costs

Question 33

If talking about how data is unreliable,

Answer 33

talk about how more data is needed to evaluate averages