Geographical Concepts

Question 1

SPICESS

Answer 1

• Space - The way things are arranged on the Earth’s surface
• Place - Part of the Earth’s surface that is identified and given meaning by people
• Interconnection - All living environments and things are connected
• Change - Helps us to understand what is happening around us and to see the world as a dynamic place
• Environment - Living and non-living elements and how they are organised
• Sustainability - The capacity of the environment to continue to support life
• Scale - The way that geographical phenomena and problems can be examined at different spacial levels

Question 2

Topographic Maps

Answer 2

A map that gives geographic positions and elevations for both natural and man-made features using contour lines (lines of equal elevation above sea level).

Question 3

Contour Line

Answer 3

A line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea-level. Shows the varying shapes, heights and slopes of a landscape

Question 4

Area Reference

Answer 4

A 4-digit code giving a general location (e.g. 3656)

Question 5

Grid Reference

Answer 5

A 6-digit code giving a specific location
(e.g. 365562)

Question 6

PEEQS

Answer 6

• Pattern - (e.g. linear, random, clustered)
• Example
• Exceptions
• Quantification - (statistics, numbers, size)
• Substantial (does it reference a substantial portion of the map?)

Question 7

Longitude

Answer 7

• Go down the globe
• The Prime Meridian is found at 0° longitude
• Lines east to the PM are labelled E, lines west are labelled W
• Spans from the PM (0°) to 180°E and 180°W
• Measures angular distance east or west of the PM as well as determine time zones

Question 8

Latitude

Answer 8

• Go across the globe
• The equator is found at 0° degrees latitude
• Lines are labelled North (N) or South (S) of the equator
• The North Pole is at 90°N, the South Pole is at 90°S
• Latitude helps us determine weather/climates

Question 9

DEEQS

Answer 9

• Degree of association (e.g. strong, moderate, weak, nonexistent)
• Examples
• Exceptions
• Quantification
• Substantial

Question 10

Map Types

Answer 10

• Topographic (contour lines)
• Chloropleth (use of dark/light shades of colours)
• Cartograms (size of countries is determined by variable being mapped)