Geographic Terms Flashcards
NIR
Natural Increase Rate
CBR
Crude Birth Rate
CDR
Crude Death Rate
The demographic transition
A process of change in society’s population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population
Demographic transition: Stage 1
Very high CBR, Very high CDR, very low NIR
Demographic transition: Stage 2
Still high CBR, rapidly declining CDR, very high NIR, usually has a relatively high percentage of young people
Demographic transition: Stage 3
Rapidly declining CBR, moderately declining CDR, moderate NIR
Demographic transition: Stage 4
Very low CBR, Low, slightly increasing CDR, 0 or negative NIR, usually has a relatively high percentage of elderly people
“Missing” babies
Babies who have been aborted or sent away. This is common in countries such as India and China because many female babies are either aborted or sent away so the family can have a son instead
Sex ratio
Number of males per 100 females in a population. The standard biological ratio is 105 males/100 females. The sex ratio in China is 116 males/100 females in China and 109 males/100 females in India
Gender inequality
Favoring one sex over the other
Maternal mortality rate
The annual number of female deaths/ 100,000 live births
Most common cause of maternal death in poor countries
Heavy bleeding, the second highest cause is high blood pressure
IMR
Infant Mortality Rate, annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 100 live births
ESR
Elderly Support Ratio, number of working-age people, 15 to 64, divides by the number of persons 65 and older
Life expectancy
The average number of years a person is expected to live
Population pyramid
A bar graph that displays the percentage of a place’s population for each age and gender
Why cheaper healthcare is good
Healthcare should be a right to all people, we should be able to spend less on healthcare, and most developed countries don’t spend as much on healthcare as we do in the United States
Why cheaper healthcare is bad
The United States has better hospitals, United States healthcare can be extended to more people without overhauling the entire system, and countries with cheaper healthcare might not have enough doctors, leading to longer waiting times
Rule of 72
Divide the rate at which you accumulate money as a percentage into 72
