GEOG 2510 Flashcards
Ecumene
means inhabited land
Most of Canada’s ecumene is located ___.
in close proximity to the southern border of the United States
Core-periphery model
an economic model in which the system consists of a dominant central core (resource producing regions) and a subservient dependant periphery (regions to which they supply raw materials)
Modernization theory
core will invest in the periphery, resulting in the periphery becoming modernized
Dependancy theory
core regions remain dominant because they exploit other regions; extracting resources from underdeveloped regions to perpetuate dependance
Primary sector
provides raw materials for manufacturing (fish, farming, trapping, lumber)
Upper Canada
was established in 1791 and considered the core of Canada (consisted of southern Ontario and southern Quebec), the land was surveyed and open for settlement; many were British loyalists
Riel Rebellion
an uprising of aboriginal Metis people against the government of Canada, organized by Louis Riel and other associated First Nations (Cree and Assiniboine)
Auto Pact
Automotive products agreemenet (APTA or Auto Pact); signed in January 1965; between Canada and US; guaranteed Canadian [roducers a share of the NA market (Bog 3: Ford, Chrysler, GM)
National Energy Program (NEP)
energy policy of the government of Canada from 1980-1985; created under liberal government (prime minister Pierre Trudeau); adminsitered by the department of energy, mines, and resources; created in response to the oil crises during the 70s (NA was unable to import oil from middle eastern countries
British Conquest
British created multiple colonies across the world in the early 1700s; Britain possessed the secondary industries to process raw materials and the tertiary industries to sell commodities, but lacked raw materials to meet it demand; periphery colonies (ie. Canada) would supply the core with raw materials; in return they traded finished goods to the colonies; this maintained the core-periphery system
Labrador Current
the Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador and passes around Newfoundland, continuing south along the east coast of Nova Scotia; is a continuation of the West Greenland current and Baffin Island current
Cascadia (Cascadia subduction zone)
a.k.a. Cascadia fault; is a convergent tectonic processes active in the Cascadia subduction zone region; include accretion, subduction, deep earthquakes, and active volcanism of the Cascades; straddles BC and US border
Orographic precipitation
rain patterns near Mountains which result from the orographic effect and rain shadow effect; creates a tropical rainforest on the front, and a desert on the back
Orographic effect
occurs where saturated air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier, resulting in cooling, condensation, and precipitation
Rain shadow effect
air descending down a mountain slope, resulting in warming, expansion, and less precipitation due to increased saturation of the warm air
Aquaculture
the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic organisms
Clarity Act (Bill C-20)
established conditions under which the government if Canada would enter negotiations that might lead to succession following such a vote by one of the provinces; created in response to the 1955 Quebec referendum; requires that first nations views be taken into account
Loyalist
person who remains loyal to the established ruler or government, especially in the face of a revolt
British Loyalists
loyal to British rule and opposed to the American Revolution 1775-1783; approx. 35,000 loyalists moved to Canada during the American Revolution; demanded representative government, and as a result the constitutional act of 1791 divided Quebec into upper and lower Canada and gave each new colony an elected assembly with the right to impose taxes
Physical tendencies
biodiversity generally declines in a gradient from south to north
Socio-economic tendencies
population and economic activity increases moving from north to south; migration within Canada from east to west from eastern periphery though the central core and onward to Alberta and BC (staples theory developed in an east to west pattern)
Political landscapes tendencies
Canada’s laws have been influenced by both British and French culture; Quebec Act protected the language, heritage, etc. of the french people; British have formed many other laws like Canada such as the highest form of authority is a Prime Minister
Acadian
Acadians are the descendants of the original French settlers and often Metis, of parts of Acadia in the northeastern region of NA comprising what is now the Canadian Maritime provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI, and Gaspe in Quebec
Commutershed
area within commuting distance of a major city
Palliser’s Triangle
largely semi-arid steppe region in the Prairie provinces; converting Prairie land to agricultural land was not easy, farms were concentrated in the Palliser’s triangle region where soil was poor and dry rather than in Hind’s fertile belt
National Policy
1879 Sir John A McDonald Conservative government instituted the national policy; promoted Canadian manufacturing by making American imports prohibitively expensive by imposing tariffs on all imported goods and services; hurt Maritime economies by restricting global trade; allowed American manufacturers to set up in Canada and sell those products tariff-free
Metropolitanism
characteristic of a metropolis or its inhabitants, especially in culture, sophistication, or in accepting and combining a wide variety of people, ideas, etc.
