GEOG 2200 Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

Urban hierarchies of cities; rank- size v. primate city rules; what does each tell us about national economy; what kind of problems primate cities face?

Answer 1

Rank Size Rule : Size of a city is inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy The nth largest city of a national system of cities will be roughly 1/n the size of the largest city Primary City Rule : the largest city has far more than twice as many people as the second largest city

Answer 2

Range : a maximum distance a person is willing to travel to use a service

Answer 3

Region is an unbounded isotropic plain with homogeneous distribution of purchasing power (population is evenly spread in rural plain) People buy goods from the closest central place All customers must be market areas must be served (trade areas must be space filling) & cities space themselves evenly A central place should be located to minimize total customer movement No excess profits can be earned at a central place

Answer 4

Central function: goods and services

Answer 5

Threshold demand (sales): minimum demand to support an establishment

Answer 6

Higher Order Central Place More establishments More goods and services Space farther apart Large threshold population Lower Order Central Place Less establishments Less goods and services Space close together Small threshold population

Answer 7

Downtown (= central city = CBD) Commercial hub of a city High accessibility, high land value, skyscrapers High order goods and services (e.g. bridal shop) Efficient mass transit systems and highways

Answer 8

Concentric Zone Model: a city grows outward from a CBD in a series of rings

Answer 9

Space affects social space - Ethnic status Ethnic enclaves (Chinatown, Little Italy, etc.) Family status (concentric zone) Young families with children (outer rings) Singles (inner rings) Social status High income, low income

Answer 10

Suburbanization Demands for housing for returning veterans Migration from central cities to suburbs Interstate highway system in the 1950s (automobile -oriented -> urban sprawl)

Answer 11

Edge Cities: nodes of office, retail, and residential land uses at the margin of an urban area (= galactic city = self sufficient) - Less trips to the central city area Expansion of urban areas = change in modes of transportation = loss of

Answer 12

The renewal or rebuilding of lower income neighborhoods into middle to upper class neighborhoods near the centers of cities Occurs everywhere (zones 1-5) Locals who have been in the area for years New people to the area (wealthy, middle to upper class) Changing character of American society DINKS (dual income no kids) prefers to live close to work Cities as spaces of consumption Lack of housing Saturation / all built up in suburbs Post civil rights movement Minority accepted in suburbs What Scale? Happening everywhere

Answer 13

The homes intended for suburban demolition are called teardowns. In their place, suburbanites build newer homes that often are supersized and stretch to the outer limits of the lot. - increases average housing values, - tax revenue for the suburb, - the average household income of the neighborhood New supersized mansions are sometimes called McMansions

Answer 14

New Urbanism (1990s ~) Development: Urban revitalization, suburban reforms that creates walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs U.S cities following European compact city development with public transportation Equity issue remains to be solved Criticism: May be in favor of the rich, Certain amount of income to live there (i.e Gated communities)

Answer 15

Megacity: a city of > 10 million people New York (20M) , London (14M), Tokyo (37M) Megacities: Characteristics (Developing World) Population growth fueled y rural to urban migration Lacking social services and affordable housing Large informal and dual economy Squatter settlements into autonomous development

Answer 16

Large amounts of capital applied for off farm sales Use of machinery, fertilizers, etc. Perishables with high market value, i.e. fruit and vegetables (truck farms), dairy products, etc. Near urban centers (high land value)

Answer 17

Land extent is more important than capital input Use of machinery, fertilizers, etc. Large - scale wheat farming, livestock ranching, etc. Farther from the market (low land value)

Answer 18

1700s in Europe Non-mechanical stage, but increased productivity Land consolidation 1800s The Industrial Revolution (feeding non-farm workers) Advances in equipment, new livestock breeding methods, fertilizers, etc.

Answer 19

Introduction of biotechnology, hybrid (genetic) grains and improved management to maximize crop yields per area Detriments? Agricultural runoff carry harmful pesticides into waters Loss of indigenous crops due to rise of genetically modified crops Field crop disease: Low diversity of crops leads to poor control of disease in crops

Answer 20

Introduction of biotechnology, hybrid (genetic) grains and improved management to maximize crop yields per area Detriments? Agricultural runoff carry harmful pesticides into waters Loss of indigenous crops due to rise of genetically modified crops Field crop disease: Low diversity of crops leads to poor control of disease in crops

Answer 21

Sector Model: a city develops in a series of sectors (major roads), not rings

Answer 22

Multiple Nuclei Model: a city is complex structure that includes more than one center (edge cities) around which activities revolve