geog Flashcards

1
Q

name 3 ways people dependent on nature for.

A
  • essentials like air and water for humans to survive
  • space for recreation and leisure activities which allows people to bond with family and friends , thus helping to maintain humans physical and mental well-being.
  • e.g: Nparks therapeutic gardens
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2
Q

name two ways nature can be dependant on people to thrive

A
  • people in the neighbourhood may tend to the health of nearby nature areas, ensuring the plants and animals living there thrive.
  • individuals in local communities can encourage one another to enjoy nearby nature areas in a sustainable manner without causing irreversible damage.
  • e.g: Nparks organises a range of activities for schools during the week of international day for biodiversity in may e.g:Green Wave campaign, that aims to educate youth about the importance of protecting our natural environment.
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3
Q

how do local communities and nearby nature areas mutually benefit each other?

A
  • the presence of green spaces and urban wildlife in neighbourhoods can enhance the mental health and well being of local communities.
  • human activities in nature areas can enhance their biodiversity through reforestation activities
    • the overall health of the natural environment is enhanced as more shelter and habitat for the urban wildlife to thrive are provided.
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4
Q

how does nature benefit people?

A
  • lowering air temp
  • removal of pollutants
  • provision of recreation space
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5
Q

how to people help benefit nature?

A
  • Local communities can raise awareness about the value of nature through encouraging positive behaviour that does not damage nature
  • local communities can also organise or participate in conservation efforts
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6
Q

name 4 ways people detrimental to nature?

A
  • soil erosion
  • damaging vegetation
  • worsening pollution
  • disturbing wildlife
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7
Q

how does people cause soil erosion?

A

when people hike on non-designated trails, cause soil compaction, prevents rainfall from infiltrating the surface. (leads to higher surface flows)

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8
Q

name some ways nature is detrimental to people

A
  • urban expansion
  • peoples growing interest in outdoor recreation
  • greening efforts by the state
  • wildlife from nearby nature areas may harm people due to increased human-wildlife encounters
  • environmental protection limits development
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9
Q

how does environmental protection limit development?

A

Some local communities may feel that nature protection conflicts with their needs. For example, the proposed Cross Island MRT Line was rerouted around the Central Catchment Nature Reserve to protect it, but residents feared potential inconveniences, property damage, or home acquisitions. Additionally, the construction could harm the habitat of endangered species, threatening their survival.

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10
Q

how is a sense of place developed?

A

A sense of place develops when people connect memories and meaning to locations, shaping identity and understanding of themselves and others. It comes from experiences in natural and built environments and interactions with others. Different people may hold varied meanings for the same location based on their needs and lifestyles. For example, homemakers see hawker centres as convenient meal spots, while retirees associate them with leisure and socializing.

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11
Q

how do people acquire a sense of place in their neighbourhood?

A
  • repeated encounters with objects and people along familiar paths or roads during regular travel
    • create meanings and memories of them
  • from significant or memorable events at local landmarks and gathering places
    • highly visible and easy for most ppl to rmb
    • may also serve symbolic or historical purposes
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12
Q

how can we represent a sense of place?

A
  • individuals and organisations use different forms and types of media to express peoples sence of place
  • individuals sense of place could be enhanced or contradicted by these different representations.
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13
Q

how can representations of sense of place enhance or contradict by an individuals sense of place?

A
  • different emotions expressed in the media might enhance or contradict our sense of place
  • SOP shapes our identity, thus we respond well to things that we agree with. (things in our neighbourhood)
  • such representations add new layers of meanings to these places by revealing interesting info about them, thus enhancing our sense of place
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14
Q

what are regions?

A
  • areas with similar physical and/or human characteristics
  • spheres of influence of services,events and objects on other locations in the area
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15
Q

what are spacial patterns?

A

non-random arrangements that are recognisable as shapes
-shapes and geometry
- cluster
- regular intervals

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16
Q

what are spacial associations?

A

the tendency of a pair of services, events and objects to be located near eo

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17
Q

what are the spatial hierarchies that we can observe in singapore? (hint:precinct)

A

residential unit - precinct - neighbourhood - town

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18
Q

what is sustainability?

A

the social, economic and political process which results in an improvement of the standard of living for a population

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19
Q

what are the 3 diff types of sustainable development?

A
  • social - common spaces for interaction, spaces that ins-till schools indentity
  • economic - if there is enough demand (ppl ect)
  • environmental - efficient water+energy design, supports waste management and recycling, places that enable flora and fauna to thrive
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20
Q

how can neighbourhoods be sustained environmentally?

A
  • ample protection for nature
    • wildlife can thrive and coexist with humans
  • having facilities that support waste minimisation and recycling
    • blue bins, recycling activities
  • energy and water efficient design approaches for buildings and landscapes
    • to minimise use of resources, can use smart tech and eco friendly features
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21
Q

define a ecosystem

A

a geographic area where living communities and non-living communities interact with one another to form a bubble of life

22
Q

how can vegetation help regulate water flows?

A

a vegetation cover can help reduce surface runoff by retaining water in the soil (also known as water flow regulation)

23
Q

define hazards

A

a process, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause loss of life, other health impacts, property damage, as well as social and economic consequences.

24
Q

what are fire hazards(how and where do they occur) and their impacts?

A
  • occur in both residential and non-residential areas
  • common causes:unattended cooking, faulty electrical appliances and wiring
  • can suffer from health impacts like burn injuries if cannot evacuate in time, maybe even lead to disabilities or deaths
    -can lead to property damage as fires can destroy commercial or residential properties and leads to economis losses as goods, furniture and other important documents may be destroyed
  • it also costs a lot of money to repair and rebuild the damaged things
25
Q

how does air pollution occur?

A

air pollution occurs due to the presence of contaminant or pollutant substances in the air and do not disperse properly and interfere with human health and produce harmful environmental effects

26
Q

how do traffic hazards occur? what are the impacts?

A

when people speed, red light run and drink drive
- often caused by irresponsible motorists who put other road users and themselves at risk
- may cause ppl to suffer from serious injuries and may lead to disabilities or loss of life

27
Q

define environmental stewardship

A

the actions taken by individuals or groups, to protect, care for the environment to persue environmental and/or social outcomes

28
Q

what is a disaster risk?

A

the likelihood of damage to properties, injuries, and loss of lives from a disaster in a given period of time

29
Q

what is sampling?

A

the process of selecting a portion of a population being studied

30
Q

what is probability sampling?

A
  • samples are randomly selected, without the researchers conscious decision
  • removes bias that may come from the choices made by the reasearcher
  • e.g: simple random sampling and stratified random sampling
31
Q

what are non-probability sampling?

A
  • non-randomly selected samples, often using the researchers conscious decision
  • this selection might be biased
  • e.g:convenience sampling and quota sampling
32
Q

what is a mean no. of ppl?

A

the average

33
Q

what is a median?

A

the middle number

34
Q

what is mode?

A

the most frequent value in the data set

35
Q

define weather

A

the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time described using
- air temp
- cloud cover
- precipitation
- wind speed
- wind direction

36
Q

define climate

A

the average state of the atmosphere at a particular place over a long period of time (usually 25 years or more)

37
Q

describe a tropical equatorial climate

A
  • generally high temps all year round (about 27 degrees)
  • small annual temp range of abt 2-3 degrees
  • high annual precipitation of more than 2000mm
  • precipitation falls evenly throughout the year
  • e.g:cuba, singapore
38
Q

describe a tropical monsoon climate

A
  • generally high temps all year round of abt 25 degrees
  • small annual temp range of abt 3-4 degrees
  • high annual precipitation of abt 1500mm
  • distinct wet and dry seasons
  • e.g: Chittagong, Bangladesh, Kochi, India
39
Q

describe a cool temperate climate

A
  • four distinct seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter
  • large annual temp range of abt 21 degrees
  • annual precipitation is between 300-900mm
    precipitation falls evenly throughout the year
40
Q

what are climatic hazards?

A
  • climates changing due to natural and human-induced causes
  • predictable weather patterns in many places are now beginning to change and become unpredictable
  • extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, cyclones and wildfires are expected to occur more often or with greater severity
41
Q

what is the maritime effect?

A

the effect that large bodies of water such as oceans have on the climate of coastal areas to have a smaller areas to have a larger annual temp range

42
Q

what is the continental effect?

A

the effect that continental surfaces have on the climate inland areas
- causes inland areas to have a larger annual temperature rise

43
Q

why does the air temp vary over time in a day?

A
  • mainly cus of the earths rotation on its own axis
  • funfact: one complete rotation takes arnd 24h
44
Q

why to air temps vary throughout the year?

A
  • as the earths revolves arnd the sun, the hemispheres will recieve different amounts of solar radiation through out the year (
45
Q

how does latitude affect the air temp across places?

A
  • solar radiation is more direct and concentrated on places like the equator as the rays are spread over a smaller area with causes higher temps
  • however solar radiation is less concentrated in areas like the Antarctic circle as they have a higher latitude thus the solar energy is spread over a larger area
46
Q

how does altitude affect the air temp across places

A
  • at higher latitudes, there is lower air density and pressure, thus lower ability to absorb and radiate heat. Thus lower temps
  • at lowered latitudes there is higher density and pressure, thus higher ability to absorb and rediate heat. thus higher temps
47
Q

how does distance from the sea cuase differences in temp

A
  • due to maritime effect, they experiance cooler summers and warmer winters
    x annual temp is lower
  • sea heats and cools slower than land, poor conductor of heat
48
Q

northeast monsoon

A

-

49
Q

what are the come natural causes of climate change?

A

orbit shape and tilt

50
Q

what is a greenhouse effect?

A

the natural process by which the greenhouse gases in the earths atmosphere trap longwave radiation

51
Q

describe the changes in precipit on land which is one of the impacts of climate change

A

accurances of excessive rainfall are expected dryer regions are gonna get dryer