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Must > Geodesy and Carto > Flashcards

Geodesy and Carto Flashcards

1
Q

Triangulation requires _____ in each triangle

A

3 angles

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2
Q

Triangulation angles must be greater than _____ but less than ______.

A

Greater then 30, less than 150

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3
Q

Components of Total Station System

A

Electronic Distance Meter
Theodolite
Microprocessor

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4
Q

Strength of Figure should not exceed _____. If it exceeds ______, new baseline must be measured

A

20 & 80

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5
Q

GPS
Constellation of _____ satellite

A

24

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6
Q

GPS
Former name

A

NAVSTAR
Navigatiin Satellite with Time and Ranging GPS

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7
Q

GPS Space Segment Component
has ______ orbital planes, inclined at ______ from equator

A

6 orbital planes
55°

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8
Q

GPS Space Segment Component
Satellite has an average altitude of ______ km.

A

20,200 km

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9
Q

GPS Space Segment Component
Radius of Orbit of Satellite is ___ km.

A

26,600 km

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10
Q

GPS Space Segment Component
Geostationary Satellite has an altitude of ______ km.

A

36,000 km

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11
Q

GPS Space Segment Component

Each orbit has _____ satellite or space vehicle

A

4

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12
Q

GPS Space Segment Component

One satellite covers about _____ of the earth

A

38%

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13
Q

GPS Space Segment Component

GPS satellite weighs _____ kg. or approximately ______ pound and is about _____ feet across with the solar panels extended

A

850 kg
2000 lb
17 feet

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14
Q

GPS Space Segment Component

GPS satellite has a life expectancy of ____ years

A

7.5 years

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15
Q

GPS Space Segment Component

GPS Satellite has ________ clocks:
2 _____ and 2 ______

A

4 atomic clocks
2 cesium
2 rubidium

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16
Q

GPS Control Segment Component

Master control station is located at ________

A

Colorado Springs, Colorado

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17
Q

GPS Control Segment Component
Has what functions

A
  1. Continuous tracking data
  2. Creates updated navigational message
  3. Compute Satellite Ephemeris
  4. Carries out satellite control such as orbit maneuvers
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18
Q

GPS User Segment Component
Consists of _____

A

Receivers

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19
Q

GPS User Segment Component

GPS receivers have _______ clock

A

Quartz clock

20
Q

GPS Signal Structure

Has three components and these are

A

Carrier Frequencies
Pseudo random noise code
Navigation Message

21
Q

GPS Signal Structure
Carries Frequencies are L1 and L2 carrier.

L1 has ______ MHz and wavelength of ______ cm.

L2 has ____ MHz and wavelength of ____ cm.

A

1575.42 MHz and 19 cm

1227.6 MHz and 24 cm

22
Q

GPS Signal Structure
Pseudo random noise code

2 types of PRN codes

A

Coarse Acquisition or C/A code
Precise or Pcode

23
Q

GPS Signal Structure
Pseudo random noise code

CA code has a wavelength of _____ meters. Carried in ______ carrier.

Pcode has a wavelength of ______ meters. Carried in ______ carrier.

A

300 meters carried in L1

30 meters carried in both L1 and L2

24
Q

GPS Signal Structure

Navigation Message is transmitted at _____ bps

A

50 bps or 50 Hz

25
Q

GPS Signal Structure

Navigation Message contains what informations

A
  1. Correction parameters
  2. Broadcast Ephemeris
  3. Almanac
  4. Satellite Health
26
Q

GPS receivers types

Navigation/ Mapping Grade Receivers receives _____

Single Frequency/Survey Grade Receivers receives _____

Dual Frequency/Survey Grade Receivers receives _____

A

C/A

C/A and L1

C/A and Pcode ; L1 and L2

27
Q

Selective Availability is the

A

Deliberate degradation of GPS Satellite Signal

28
Q

Anti-Spoofing is the

A

Policy of code denial. Interchanges Pcode with encrypted Ycode

29
Q

GPS Receiver Components

A

Antenna
Receiver
Command Entry and Display Unit
Power Supply

30
Q

Ground Plane of Antenna

A

Reduces interference from reflected signals

31
Q

6 channel GPS receivers

A

Track 6 satellite continously

32
Q

Multiplexing GPS receiver

A

Combine both Code-correlation tracking and codeless tracking

33
Q

Errors in GPS
Satellite Based

Error in satellite position are due to

A

Differences between predicted and actual position of satellite

34
Q

Error in GPS
Satellite based

Error in timing or clock errors are due to

A

Residual errors in atomic clocks

35
Q

Errors in GPS
Atmospheric condition on Signal Transmission

GPS signals is altered by _____ & _____ effects

A

Ionospheric and Tropospheric

36
Q

Ionospheric effect

Ionosphere is a dispersive medium causing ______ and accelaration in GPS carrier phase making it the ______.

A

Delay in PRN code

Largest source of error

37
Q

Errors in GPS
Site-dependent error sources

Satellite geometry. GDOP greater then _____ means poor geometry

A

8

38
Q

Errors in GPS
Site-dependent error sources

Multipath is when GPS signals is ________. Low angle equals increase incidence of multipath error.

A

Refected by obstruction

39
Q

Errors in GPS
Site-dependent error sources

Cycle slip is the _______. Occurs when there is very dense obstruction.

A

Temporary loss of GPS signal

40
Q

Errors in GPS
Reciever base errors

This is due to less accuracy of ______.

A

Receiver clocks than satellite clocks

41
Q

GPS Positioning Method
Point Positioning

Also called _____.
Method where time elapsed is measured between transmission and reception of PRN code.

A

Code-phase Measurement

42
Q

GPS Positioning Method
Relative positioning

Two or more receivers simultaneously receive signals. This is the _____ method for eatablishing spatial position.

______ is the most reliable relative positioning method.

A

Most accurate method

Static Relative Positioning

43
Q

GPS was started by the US _________ in 1973 with the plfirst prototype spacecraft launched in 1978

A

Department of Defense

44
Q

An orthophotograph in standard quadrangle format with little or no cartographic treatment

A

Orthophotoquad

45
Q

A Hungarian Physicist who is known for his invention of the torsion pendulum used to meausre the desity of underlying rock strata and the ______ of gravity.

A

Lorand Eotvos, magnitude

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