geo terms

Question 1

Population density

Answer 1

the number of people per square kilometer of land

Question 2

Population distribution

Answer 2

how a population is spread throughout a
country or region

Question 3

Development

Answer 3

a process of change that affects people’s lives. It should involve an
improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change.

Question 4

HIC

Answer 4

high-income country – World Bank category for countries with a GNI per capita
of over $12,536

Question 5

LIC

Answer 5

Low-income country - World Bank category for countries with a GNI per capita
of lower than $1, 035

Question 6

MIC

Answer 6

middle-income country – all between the above two!

Question 7

GNI

Answer 7

gross national income

Question 8

Core and periphery

Answer 8

the concept of a more developed core surrounded by a less
developed periphery

Question 9

Migration

Answer 9

the movement of people from one area to another

Question 10

Internal migration

Answer 10

migration within a country

Question 11

Megacity

Answer 11

a city with population of over 10 million people

Question 12

Urban

Answer 12

built up areas with higher population density (cities!)

Question 13

Rural

Answer 13

countryside regions with low population density (farming communities, villages and towns)

Question 14

Urbanization

Answer 14

the process by which the % of the urban population in a region increases

Question 15

Hukou

Answer 15

a household registration system used in China which categorises people
depending on where they’re from, and whether it is urban or rural.

Question 16

Population momentum

Answer 16

The phenomenon whereby populations continue to grow
despite a large fall in fertility rate, often to below

Question 17

replacement level

Answer 17

the number of births a women should have in their lifetime to replace the current population. it is 2.1 per women.

Question 18

Doubling time

Answer 18

The length of time it takes for a population to double in
size, assuming the natural increase remains constant.

Question 19

Population projections

Answer 19

Predictions about future population based on trends in
fertility, mortality, and migration.

Question 20

Crude birth rate

Answer 20

The number of live births per 1,000 people per year.

Question 21

Crude death rate

Answer 21

The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

Question 22

Natural Increase

Answer 22

The number of extra people in a country each year caused
by the extra number of births than deaths (CBR – CDR)

Question 23

Infant mortality rate

Answer 23

The number of deaths under one year of age among the
live births in a given geographical area during a given
year, per 1,000 live births

Question 24

Active population

Answer 24

The number of people in a country of working age, usually
15 to 64 years

Question 25

Dependent population

Answer 25

The number of people in a country who are not working, i.e. children and elderly

Question 26

Fertility rate

Answer 26

The average number of children women have in their lifetime in one area.

Question 27

Overpopulation

Answer 27

Too many people living in an area for the available resources

Question 28

Child mortality rate

Answer 28

The number of deaths under five years of age among the live births in a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 live births

Question 29

Young population

Answer 29

A population with a large proportion of people aged 15 and under.

Question 30

Aging population

Answer 30

A population with a large and growing proportion of people aged 65 and over.

Question 31

What is "Forced Migration"?

Answer 31

A general term for the movement of refugees, internally displaced people, and those displaced by disasters or development projects.

Question 32

What is an "Asylum Seeker"?

Answer 32

An individual seeking international protection whose claim has not yet been decided by the host country.

Question 33

What defines a "Refugee"?

Answer 33

A person who has fled their country due to a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, social group, or political opinion.

Question 34

Terrestrial albedo

Answer 34

A measure of how reflective the surface of the earth is.

Question 35

long wave radiation

Answer 35

The outgoing energy (infrared) radiating from the earth into space.

Question 36

Feedback loop

Answer 36

This might accelerate a warming trend, e.g. less ice therefore less reflection of radiation back to space

Question 37

short wave radiation

Answer 37

The high-energy radiation given off by the sun

Question 38

Enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 38

The impact on the climate from the additional heat retained due to the increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that humans have released.

Question 39

Global dimming

Answer 39

Less of the sun’s energy reaching earth due to increased aerosols and particulates in the atmosphere.

Question 40

Energy balance

Answer 40

This difference between energy coming in and going out of the earth’s atmosphere regulates its temperature.

Question 41

Hydrosphere

Answer 41

The total amount of water on the planet, including on the surface, underground and in the air.

Question 42

Biosphere

Answer 42

The parts of Earth where life exists—all ecosystems

Question 43

Carbon cycle

Answer 43

The transfer processes and stores of carbon on the planet, from deep underground, to within living things and in the atmosphere.

Question 44

Biomass

Answer 44

The total quantity or weight of organisms.

Question 45

Globalization

Answer 45

the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations.