Geo Climate - 02

Question 1

What is a carbon source?

Answer 1

Releases more carbon than it absorbs

Question 2

What is a carbon sink?

Answer 2

Absorbs more carbon than it releases

Question 3

Define carbon offsetting.

Answer 3

Action of compensating for CO2 emissions e.g. through schemes designed to make equivalent reductions in CO2

Question 4

What is carbon trading?

Answer 4

Buying/selling of credits that permit an entity to emit a certain amount of CO2

Question 5

What does Negative Emissions Scheme refer to?

Answer 5

Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) – Taking greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere

Question 6

What is geo-engineering?

Answer 6

Large scale manipulation of environmental processes that affect the climate

Question 7

What are the two ways in which carbon emissions can be offset?

Answer 7

• Reducing carbon emission
• Investing in carbon sink

Question 8

What is one direct benefit of carbon offsetting?

Answer 8

People are investing in planting forests

Question 9

What is a drawback of carbon offsetting?

Answer 9

People won’t try to reduce their carbon emissions because they are focused on carbon trading

Question 10

Outline the main features of carbon trading.

Answer 10

It can stabilize the carbon in the atmosphere

Question 11

What is a success of carbon trading?

Answer 11

They can reduce the carbon emissions by removing the exact amount of gas they release

Question 12

What is a failure of carbon trading?

Answer 12

Companies will only invest in ways to reduce carbon emissions and not reduce them

Question 13

What are negative emissions schemes?

Answer 13

Balancing the removal of gasses and emissions of gasses

Question 14

What are two examples of negative emissions schemes?

Answer 14

• Growing forests
• Improving soil

Question 15

What is one problem with negative emissions schemes?

Answer 15

Who takes responsibility for the gas emissions?

Question 16

What is the concern regarding carbon capture?

Answer 16

Remove more CO2 or other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere than nature currently achieves

Question 17

Name a method used for solar shading.

Answer 17

• Stratospheric aerosol injection
• Surface albedo enhancement
• Increasing the reflectivity of marine clouds
• Space based methods
• Cirrus Cloud Thinning

Question 18

What should we be careful about when thinking about geoengineering?

Answer 18

Consequences of these actions are still unsure

Question 19

What is a potential ethical concern regarding geoengineering?

Answer 19

Opinions and ethics about geoengineering may vary from country to country leading to conflicts

Question 20

What is a potential environmental impact of geoengineering?

Answer 20

Can disrupt ecosystems and biodiversity

Question 21

What unknowns exist regarding geoengineering?

Answer 21

Unknown long term impacts can occur

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Carbon trading involves the buying/selling of _______.

Answer 22

credits that permit an entity to emit a certain amount of CO2

Question 23

True or False: Geo-engineering is a method of direct carbon offsetting.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is vulnerability in the context of climate change?

Answer 24

The degree to which people are susceptible to, or unable to cope with, the negative impacts of climate change.

Question 25

Define exposure in relation to climate change.

Answer 25

The degree to which people are likely to feel the impacts of climate change.

Question 26

What does sensitivity refer to in the context of climate change?

Answer 26

The degree to which people could be harmed by their exposure to climate change.

Question 27

What is adaptive capacity?

Answer 27

The degree to which people could manage the potential harm by taking action to reduce their exposure or sensitivity.

Question 28

What is the difference between mitigation and adaptation?

Answer 28

Mitigation is what we do to stop climate change; adaptation is what we do to adapt to the changes happening.

Question 29

How does location affect vulnerability to climate change?

Answer 29

Low-lying coasts and dry regions have higher vulnerability due to rising sea levels and droughts.

Question 30

What is the vulnerability of high-income countries (HIC) to climate change?

Answer 30

Low, as they have facilities to prevent the effects of climate change from harming people and infrastructure.

Question 31

What is the vulnerability of low-income countries (LIC) to climate change?

Answer 31

High, due to insufficient facilities to protect against climate impacts.

Question 32

How does wealth influence vulnerability to climate change?

Answer 32

High wealth reduces vulnerability due to greater financial capacity to adapt; low wealth increases vulnerability.

Question 33

What is the impact of age on vulnerability to climate change?

Answer 33

Older individuals have higher vulnerability due to limited mobility and resources; younger individuals depend on their parents' ability to adapt.

Question 34

How does gender affect vulnerability to climate change?

Answer 34

Females are generally more vulnerable in traditional settings due to lack of financial independence; males may be less vulnerable unless engaged in physical labor.

Question 35

What role does education play in vulnerability to climate change?

Answer 35

Higher education levels correlate with lower vulnerability due to better understanding of climate changes and survival strategies.

Question 36

What is the ND Gain Index?

Answer 36

An index that measures a country's vulnerability to climate change.

Question 37

Which country is most vulnerable to climate change according to the ND Gain Index?

Answer 37

Bangladesh.

Question 38

Explain why Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change.

Answer 38

It is located in a low-lying area with high risks of flooding, a large population in urban areas, and an economy dependent on sensitive agriculture.

Question 39

Which country is least vulnerable to climate change according to the ND Gain Index?

Answer 39

Netherlands.

Question 40

Why is the Netherlands considered least vulnerable to climate change?

Answer 40

It has developed a robust system to protect against flooding despite being at high risk.