geo terms 1 Flashcards
geographic
related to geography which is the study of earth´s physical features, Thus, geography can be related to the physical features belonging to a particular area.
socioeconomic
related to social and economic factors such as education, employment, community, security, etc
population structure
the distribution of different soicla groups in a population. factirs include thnicity, density, age and gender.
population pyramids
represents the quantities of a population by age and sex
population momentum
when population grows even though there is a fall in birth rates and tfrs, this is because there are a lot ofpeople in childbearing years.
population policies
regulation sor measures that a government uses to cdontrol population growth. there are 2 types.
antinatalist policies
governments want to decrease the population growth.
pro natalist policies
governments want to increase population growth
regulatory approach
in population policies it refers to laws and measures dictated by the governments so their policy is followed.
incentives
governments offer these when they want to inspire people to follow a rule, these may include conomic benefits.
standard of living
the level of wealth, comfort and the level of the quality of reosurces that a person has for their living.
pattern
recurring phenomena that can be identified
push factos
factors that ar emaking someone want to lweave their home
pull factors
factors that are attracting someone to a new place
restraining factors
what is keeping someone from migrating
shanty settlements
standard housing built by people who do not have access to a proper housing, they offer a low standard of living.
chain migration
when people migrate in a step by step process ( from smalll to median to big places)
squatter settlements
housing areas that are in lands owned by someone else so the people living there are ilegally there.
LEDC
less economically developed countries
MEDC
most economically developed countries
HICS
high income countries
MICS
middle income countries
LICS
low income countries
longevity
long lived members of a population
longevity
duration of existnece of something, how long it has been unchanged
income per capita
average income earned by individuals in a geographical area
megacities
urban areas with large population ( more than 10 million people) because of their economic benefits and other opportunities, this in turn may cause pollution and overpopulation problems
OPEC
organization of the petroleum exporting counties.
OPEC
cuntries exporters of oil
development gap
differences of development( econjomic, social, life quality ) between different areas.
natural increase
crude birth rate-crude death rate
doubling time
number of years a populaiton needs to double in size
doubling time formula
70 / rate of natural increase
asylum seeker
someone who has left their home country and is looking for protection but has no t yet been granted the title of refugee.
development displacement
forced migration due to development projects
smuggled people
people who pay someone else to smuggle them ouT / in of a country
trafficked people
people who are transported for coercion and for ecploitattion.
ageing population
when a population is decreasing and thus has less young people and a lot of old people.
contemporary
related ot the present time, for example an idea aligned with the ´present time.
population
the number of people in a given place, most time a population share citizenship, beliefs, and identities.
population density
number of people per unit area in a given place. helps you see how crowded a place is.
population distribution
where people live in a global scale. what places are more crowded and why.
population composition
the elements that make up a population like age, sex, education, density. helps us identify what factors define it.
dependency ratio
ratio between the economically active people and those who are not( old and young). the formula is ( young+old)/ economically active * 100.
development
the improvement of economic, social and environmental status of a place, you improve the stands of living.
developing countries
countries with low stands of living due to their small economic growth. they depend on primary sector.
developed countries
countries with high standard of living due to their large economic growth. they have a lot of services.
birth rate
the number of births per 1000 of population per year.
crude birth rate
ratio between the number of births and the total mid year population.
standardized birth rate
number of birth rates in a specific age group
total fertility rate
number of births per 1000 women of childbearing age.
subject to factors such as staus of woman, level of education , location , religion, economic status, health and pressure.
death rate
number of deaths per 1000 individuals in a popoulation in a specific time.
infant mortality rate
number of deaths of infants in a population.
life expectancy
the average number of years that a person is expected to live.
demography
the statistical study of population. structure, changes, migration, everything we are studying.
DTM
shows the changes of birth and death rates over time. stages that a country goes through as population grows and as it develops.
census
process of collecting demographic data of a population
gender
social and cultural roles associated with being male or female.
migration
the movement of people from one place to another.
immigration
entering of a country
emigration
leaving a country
refugees
person who is outside of their country and can´t return due to fear of persecution.
recent
that it happened not so long ago in the past
trend
a general direction in which something is changing or developing.
