Geo Quiz (11/16/19)

Question 1

plate tectonics

Answer 1

the theory that earths outer shell is made up of individual plates that move, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and the formation and destruction of areas of the crust

Question 2

weathering

Answer 2

the breaking down of rocks

Question 3

erosion

Answer 3

the moving of broken up pieces of rock

Question 4

deposition

Answer 4

the building up of eroded materials in a new location

Question 5

glaciation

Answer 5

the process of ice advancing and covering large areas of land

Question 6

tsunami

Answer 6

a set of large ocean waves caused by an earthquake or other powerful disturbance under the sea

Question 7

mid ocean ridge

Answer 7

a feature created by the spreading of the sea floor when two plates are diverging

Question 8

subduction

Answer 8

the process in which one plate slides underneath another. the subducted plate moves unto earths interior and is recycled (it melts)

Question 9

how to survive an earthquake: 9 steps

Answer 9

• if you are indoors, stay there
• if you are outside, get into the open, away from buildings, power lines, etc
• if you are driving, stop, but carefully
• if you are in a mountainous area, watch out for falling rocks, landslides, trees, debris, etc
• after the quake stops, check for injuries or seek aid or help
• if you can, put on a pair of sturdy, thick soles shoes
• check for hazards
• check food and water supplies
• be prepared for aftershocks

Question 10

earthquakes

Answer 10

are the result of the motion of thin layers of the earths surface (moving plates) and material below

Question 11

approximately ___ quakes occur annually around the globe

Answer 11

3000

Question 12

focus

Answer 12

the pint under the earths surface where an earthquake occurs

Question 13

epicentre

Answer 13

the point on the earths surface lying directly above the focus

Question 14

seismograph

Answer 14

a device used to measure the movement of the earths surface resulting from the quake

Question 15

seismogram

Answer 15

the paper that records the movement of the earth on the seismograph

Question 16

mercalli scale

Answer 16

measures the intensity of the earthquakes and are ranked from 1-12. it is based on human observation

Question 17

richter scale

Answer 17

measures the magnitude of the earthquake and is the more scientific scale used

•scale goes from 1.0-10.0 (logarithmic)

Question 18

major earthquakes are classified as ______ on the richter scale

Answer 18

6.0

Question 19

scientists use 3 criteria to classify volcanoes

Answer 19

1) the shape of the cone
2) the type of eruption
3) the contents of the lava

Question 20

types of volcanoes

Answer 20

1) lava domes
2) lava fields
3) lava plateaus
4) tuyas
5) continental
6) composite

Question 21

there are _ major plates
there are _ secondary plates
there are more than __ minor plates

Answer 21

7 major plates
8 secondary plates
more than 60 minor plates

Question 22

mountain chains on the west, east, and northeast coasts were the result of

Answer 22

colliding plates

Question 23

formation of canada’s fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) were formed when

Answer 23

canada’s landmass was locates in a warmer, tropical climate

Question 24

what was alfred wegeners theory

Answer 24

forces within the ground broke apart the landmass and moved them together, apart, and alongside each other

Question 25

wegeners evidence

Answer 25

1) geological fit between south america and africa
2) same fossils of plants (ferns) and reptiles in both continents
3) similar mountain ranges (age and structure) on the east coast of canada/usa and the west coast of europe
4) similar scrapes and gouges on the rock surfaces of south america, india, australia, and south africa

Question 26

divergent

Answer 26

• when 2 plates move apart
• occurs commonly along mid ocean ridges, but can happen on land also
• new areas of earths crust are cinstantly being created in this process alone 70 000kms of mid ocean ridges
• most of the worlds volcanoes occur along divergent plate boundaries

Question 27

convergent (continental + ocean)

Answer 27

-rocks in oceanic plates ar emote dense than in continental plates
as a result, heavier oceanic plate slide under continental plates
-this process is called subduction
-in which the existing crust is “recycled” and being melted (which is balanced with the new crust being formed)
-subduction can happen smoothly, as oceanic plates move slowly over time.
-as it occurs, small quakes occur, that may not be detected by humans

• but in places where plates don’t move, plates that push against each other build up tension for centuries.
• when this tension is released, quakes can be very damaging (8-9 on the Richter scale)

Question 28

BC hasn’t had a massive quake since

Answer 28

the 1700s

Question 29

convergent (continental + continental)

Answer 29

when 2 plates run into each other, massive layers of rock fold, break, and are forced upward by immense pressures of the collision

this process creates many of the worlds most important mountain ranges (himalayas that includes everest)

Question 30

transform

Answer 30

• plates are made neither larger or smaller
• plates move parallel, but opposite directions
• process happens very smoothly, with many small quakes
• sometimes(like in subduction zones) plates can lock up for many years until an enormous release of energy occurs, resulting in a damaging quake
• the worst quakes along transform zones are 5.5-7.5