GEO Flashcards
what is population distribution
the way in which people are spread out in an area
what is population density
the average number of people per unit area. it relates to the number of people in the area.
what is a cloropleth map
a shaded map in which the depth of shading indicates the value represented.
what is population
the number of people that live in an area
how does earthquake occur at a transform plate boundary
earthquakes occur at transform plate boundaries When two plates slide past each other horizontally in the same direction at different speeds or in opposite, they can get stuck and build up pressure. Eventually, the pressure is released in the form of an earthquake.
what is freeze thaw
Freeze-thaw the process where water goes through cycles of freezing and thawing. When water freezes, it expands, which can create cracks and fractures in rocks, When the ice melts, the water seeps into these cracks, and the cycle repeats. This can cause further damage over time where the rock then breaks.
causes of river pollution
oil spills
litter and trash being improperly disposed of
industrial waste and chemicals being dumped into rivers
sewage and waste water from cities and town
factors influencing population growth
Birth rate: The number of births per 1,000 people in a population. Higher birth rates lead to population growth. The population tends to decrease where the birth rate is very low.
- Death rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population. a higher death rate may cause the population to grow very slowly while Lower death rates can contribute to population growth.
- fertility rate: the number of children that the average woman will bear in her lifetime. the population will tend to increase in countries which have
a fertility higher than 2.0 but decrease countries that that less than 2.0 - Life expectancy: The average number of years a person is expected to live. Higher life expectancy can also contribute to population growth.
rural migration
Rural migration is when people move from rural areas, which are typically more countryside or agricultural regions, to urban areas or cities. This can happen for various reasons, such as seeking better job opportunities, improved living standards, access to education and healthcare, or a desire for a different lifestyle.
urban migration
factors influencing high population density
Urbanization: As more people migrate to cities, the population density in urban areas increases.
- Availability of resources: Areas with abundant resources like water, fertile land, and natural resources tend to attract more people, leading to higher population density.
- Economic opportunities: Places with thriving economies and job prospects often experience high population density as people move in search of employment and better opportunities.
- Infrastructure and amenities: Areas with well-developed infrastructure, such as transportation networks, healthcare facilities, schools, and recreational amenities, tend to attract more people, resulting in higher population density.
what is weathering
the wearing away of rocks caused by the weather in the atmosphere
what is mass movement
its the down slope/hill movement of debris (rocks, soil) under the influence of gravity
population pyramid
a representation that shows distribution of population by age and gender
primary sector
are those that take natural resources out of the earth.
secondary sector
process and make(manufacture) things from the primary industries
Tertiary sector
provides a service
what is a natural hazard
A natural hazard refers to a naturally occurring event that poses a threat to people, property, or the environment. These hazards are typically caused by the Earth’s natural processes and can occur without any human influence.
types of natural disasters
Earthquakes: Sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface.
- Hurricanes: Intense tropical storms with strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges that can cause flooding and huge damage.
- Floods: Overflowing of water on dry land, often caused by heavy rainfall, melting snow, or dam failure.
- Wildfires: Uncontrolled fires that spread across vegetation and forests, fueled by dry conditions and strong winds.
- Tornadoes: Violently rotating columns of air that connect from a thunderstorm to the ground, causing potentially severe damage in a narrow path.
- Tsunamis: Large ocean waves triggered by undersea seismic activity, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, which can result in destructive coastal flooding.
- Volcanic eruptions: Explosive release of molten rock, ash, and gases from a volcano, which can cause a wide range of hazardous effects, including ash falls
natural hazards
Landslides: The downward movement of a mass of soil, rock, or debris due to gravity.
factors influencing population distribution
relief: refers to the physical features of a region such as mountain, valleys and bodies of water, these features can affect where people choose to live as some areas may be more suitable for settlement others may be challenging due to steep slopes or lack of access to water.
Climate: the impact of climate is very important it is the main reason behind the world’s empty areas.people tend to attract areas with moderate climate where the temperature is comfortable. areas with natural disasters like hurricanes or drought may have lower population density.
soil: the availability of good fertile soil can greatly influence the suitability of an area for agriculture. well drained soil allows for proper water to flow which is great for crops. good quality soil like aluminum attract people areas with infertile soil may have lower population densities.
challenges associated with population distribution
unequal resources distribution: some areas may have limited access to essential resources like: water, healthcare facilities, infrastructure, and food leading to an uneven population distribution.
rural depopulation: in contrast to urban areas, rural-regions may experience depopulation as people migrate to the cities in search of better opportunities. this can lead to a decline in rural economies
urbanization problems in the Caribbean
Overcrowding: Rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowding in cities, with limited space and resources to accommodate the growing population.
Traffic congestion: As more people migrate to urban areas, the volume of traffic on roads has also increased, leading to traffic congestion. This causes air pollution and delays in transportation, affecting productivity and quality of life.
Housing: High demand for housing in urban areas has led to rising property prices, making it difficult for lower-income groups to find affordable housing. This has led to the emergence of informal settlements
climate types
tropical marine:
