GENV 212 midterm

Question 1

Branches of geography

Answer 1

Physical and human interaction

Question 2

Why is Geography an
ideal disciplinary vehicle
for understanding urban
settlement issues?

Answer 2

Its spacial approach and reasoning for explaining and analyzing urban landscapes and urbanization issues

Question 3

What is geography?

Answer 3

The study & analysis of locational attributes & spacial differences AND the interactions between places
- Holistic approach; multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary

Question 4

What can we learn from the “slums”?

Answer 4

• The benefit and display of community
• How people can live peacefully in close quarters; urban design
• How to be grateful for what you have

Question 5

What are the 4 settlement patterns?

Answer 5

1. Dispersed - Farmland (ex. England/Scotland)
2. Linear - accessibility (ex. Chilliwack)
3. Nucleated - clusters
4. Planned - square/grid; introduced longitude & latitude (ex. Aldergrove)

Question 6

Factors for successful urbanization

Answer 6

Access to water, land quality, defence, shelter, attractiveness, function

Question 7

What is Geospatial Technology?

Answer 7

the range of modern tools contributing to the geographic mapping and analysis of the Earth & human societies

Question 8

What are the 4 types of Geospatial Technologies?

Answer 8

1. Remote sensing- gathering information from a distance (satellites or drones)
2. Global Positioning Systems - GPS, global position
3. Internet Mapping Techniques - Google Earth
4. Geographic Information System - analyzed data

Question 9

Why is land mapping essential?

Answer 9

It acts as a community guide

Question 10

Why do problems continue to arise?

Answer 10

Lack of communication, focusing on short term solutions not long term

Question 11

What are the functions of urban areas?

Answer 11

1. Places large number of people live & work
2. Hubs of government

Question 12

How are boundaries determined?

Answer 12

There is no standardized international criteria for determining boundaries of a city, an area often includes multiple boundaries

Question 13

What is the definition of “urban” or “rural” is based on?

Answer 13

Quantitate & qualitative data, varies from country to country

Question 14

What is the qualitative and quantitative data based on?

Answer 14

Size, population, economy (transportation, schools, hospitals), administrative status, etc.

Question 15

What is the meaning of urbanization?

Answer 15

The process of expansion of urban: physically, population, and importance

Question 16

4 processes of urbanization

Answer 16

1. Transformation of space
2. Material, economic, demographic growth & development
3. Socio-material transformations
4. Connect places & processes beyond their borders

Question 17

What is the difference between Formal and Informal urbanization?

Answer 17

Formal: The process that comply with official rules; a planned new city
Informal: independent from formal framework; unplanned

Question 18

What are the factors that contribute to Urbanization?

Answer 18

1. Economic (Structural) Process
2. Behaviour Perspective
3. Demographic Perspective

Question 19

What is a part of the Economic (Structural) Process

Answer 19

• industrialization, employment oppoertunities, transportation, communications, etc
• GDP: gross domestic product (paid everyone, not only citizen)
• GNP: gross national product (only citizens; GNP/population = per capital)

Question 20

What is a part of the Behavior Perspective?

Answer 20

• Improved social services, urban lifestyles, suburbanization, etc.
• As cities expand, people move to outside areas and commute. Those towns grow so much they merge into one (ex. Richmond, New West to Vancouver)

Question 21

What is part of the Demographic Perspective?

Answer 21

• Natural increase, increasing migration (rural-urban, urban-urban, regional, international)
• Administrative reclassifications (Challenges: tricky to determine the real level of urbanization
• Pseudo Urbanization: a city that is unable to contain populace

Question 22

What are the outcomes of Urbanization?

Answer 22

• Economic difficulties
• Social/Cultural issues
• Environmental issues
• Urban planning challenges

Question 23

Development

Answer 23

a complex and dynamic concept, and a process of improving the quality of life of people and their habitation
- Quantitative growth may not equal quality growth
- Qualitative is unquantifiable
- Development must focus on addressing basic needs

Question 24

Definition of basic needs

Answer 24

Essential, used on a regular basis, minimal living standards
- Air (clean)
- Sleep
- Food & water
- Safety & shelter

Question 25

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 25

(triangle bottom up)
1. Physiological (food, water, health, etc
2. Safety: security
3. Love/Belonging: relationships, friends
4. Esteem: prestige, feeling of accomplishment
5. Self-actualization: achieving fullest potential
THEY ARE ALL INTERCONNECTED