GENV 212 midterm Flashcards
Branches of geography
Physical and human interaction
Why is Geography an
ideal disciplinary vehicle
for understanding urban
settlement issues?
Its spacial approach and reasoning for explaining and analyzing urban landscapes and urbanization issues
What is geography?
The study & analysis of locational attributes & spacial differences AND the interactions between places
- Holistic approach; multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary
What can we learn from the “slums”?
- The benefit and display of community
- How people can live peacefully in close quarters; urban design
- How to be grateful for what you have
What are the 4 settlement patterns?
- Dispersed - Farmland (ex. England/Scotland)
- Linear - accessibility (ex. Chilliwack)
- Nucleated - clusters
- Planned - square/grid; introduced longitude & latitude (ex. Aldergrove)
Factors for successful urbanization
Access to water, land quality, defence, shelter, attractiveness, function
What is Geospatial Technology?
the range of modern tools contributing to the geographic mapping and analysis of the Earth & human societies
What are the 4 types of Geospatial Technologies?
- Remote sensing- gathering information from a distance (satellites or drones)
- Global Positioning Systems - GPS, global position
- Internet Mapping Techniques - Google Earth
- Geographic Information System - analyzed data
Why is land mapping essential?
It acts as a community guide
Why do problems continue to arise?
Lack of communication, focusing on short term solutions not long term
What are the functions of urban areas?
- Places large number of people live & work
- Hubs of government
How are boundaries determined?
There is no standardized international criteria for determining boundaries of a city, an area often includes multiple boundaries
What is the definition of “urban” or “rural” is based on?
Quantitate & qualitative data, varies from country to country
What is the qualitative and quantitative data based on?
Size, population, economy (transportation, schools, hospitals), administrative status, etc.
What is the meaning of urbanization?
The process of expansion of urban: physically, population, and importance
4 processes of urbanization
- Transformation of space
- Material, economic, demographic growth & development
- Socio-material transformations
- Connect places & processes beyond their borders
What is the difference between Formal and Informal urbanization?
Formal: The process that comply with official rules; a planned new city
Informal: independent from formal framework; unplanned
What are the factors that contribute to Urbanization?
- Economic (Structural) Process
- Behaviour Perspective
- Demographic Perspective
What is a part of the Economic (Structural) Process
- industrialization, employment oppoertunities, transportation, communications, etc
- GDP: gross domestic product (paid everyone, not only citizen)
- GNP: gross national product (only citizens; GNP/population = per capital)
What is a part of the Behavior Perspective?
- Improved social services, urban lifestyles, suburbanization, etc.
- As cities expand, people move to outside areas and commute. Those towns grow so much they merge into one (ex. Richmond, New West to Vancouver)
What is part of the Demographic Perspective?
- Natural increase, increasing migration (rural-urban, urban-urban, regional, international)
- Administrative reclassifications (Challenges: tricky to determine the real level of urbanization
- Pseudo Urbanization: a city that is unable to contain populace
What are the outcomes of Urbanization?
- Economic difficulties
- Social/Cultural issues
- Environmental issues
- Urban planning challenges
Development
a complex and dynamic concept, and a process of improving the quality of life of people and their habitation
- Quantitative growth may not equal quality growth
- Qualitative is unquantifiable
- Development must focus on addressing basic needs
Definition of basic needs
Essential, used on a regular basis, minimal living standards
- Air (clean)
- Sleep
- Food & water
- Safety & shelter
Hierarchy of needs
(triangle bottom up)
1. Physiological (food, water, health, etc
2. Safety: security
3. Love/Belonging: relationships, friends
4. Esteem: prestige, feeling of accomplishment
5. Self-actualization: achieving fullest potential
THEY ARE ALL INTERCONNECTED
