Genus and Species Names Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Cerebrospinal parelaphostrongylosis is Caused by
A
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
2
Q
Lungworm pneumonia is Caused by
A
Dictyocaulus viviparous
3
Q
Winter ticks
A
Dermacentor albipictus
4
Q
Feral Swine Ascaris is Caused by
A
Ascaris suum
5
Q
Feral swine lice is Caused by
A
Haematopinus suis
6
Q
High Profile Elk Diseases
A
Chronic Wasting Disease, Bovie Brucellosis, Bovine Tuberculosis
7
Q
Elk Diseases: Exposure but not Exactly Illness
A
EHD, Bluetongue, Bovine Virus Diarrhea, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
8
Q
Parasitic Elk Diseases
A
Cerebrospinal Parelaphostrongylosis, Lungworm Pneumonia, Tiny Tapeworm, Winter Ticks
9
Q
Cerebrospinal Parelaphostrongylosis is Caused by
A
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
10
Q
Lungworm Pneumonia is Caused by
A
Dictyocaulus viviparus
11
Q
Tiny Tapeworm
A
Echinococcus granulosus
12
Q
Winter Ticks
A
Dermacentor albipictus
13
Q
What is “Ascaris suum”?
A
A Nematode
14
Q
What does Feral Swine Ascaris cause?
A
Fever, Cough, Thriftiness
15
Q
The Nematode larvae for “Ascaris suum” cause
A
“Milk Spots” on the Liver
16
Q
Feral Swine Lice Name
A
Haematopinuis suis
17
Q
Signs of Feral Swine Lice on Wild Swine
A
None
18
Q
Signs of Feral Swine Lice on Domestic Swine
A
Intense Itching
19
Q
How many times do “Haematopinuis suis” molt to become adults?
A
Three Times
20
Q
Feral Swine Liver Flukes Names
A
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolodies magna
21
Q
How often do Feral Swine Liver Fluke appear in Wild Swine?
A
Rarely
22
Q
How are Feral Swine Liver Flukes transmitted?
A
Watercress
23
Q
What is an example of Reservoir Hosts for Feral Swine Liver Flukes?
A
Rabbits
24
Q
What are Effective Treatments against Feral Swine Liver Flukes?
A
Rafoxanide (Humans and Domestic Animals), Drugs: Clorsulon and Albendazole
25
Feral Swine Macracanthorhynchus is Caused by
Macracanthorhynchus ingens
26
What are "Macracanthorhynchus ingens"?
Parasites (Spiny Head Worms)
27
Feral Swine Macracanthorhynchus Names
Macracanthorhynchus ingens (Raccoons)
M. hirudinaceous (Pigs and People)
28
What are Intermediate Hosts of "Macracanthorhynchus ingens"?
Dung Beetles
29
Trichinosis is Caused by
Trichinella spiralis
30
What is "Trichnella spiralis"?
A Nematode
31
Hosts of Trichinella spiralis
Wild Swine, Bears, Coyotes, Wolves, Wolverines, Raccoons, Foxes, Bats, Birds
32
Clinical Signs of Trichinosis
Almost No Clinical Signs, No Gross Lesions
33
How many times does Trichinella spiralis Molt until Adulthood?
Four Times
34
Encysted Larvae of Trichinella spiralis are Found in
Striated Muscle
35
Sylvatic Transmission Cycle of Trichinosis
Brown Bear, Pig, Human
36
Arctic Transmission Cycle of Trichinosis
Polar Bear, Seal, Human
37
Urban Transmission Cycle of Trichinosis
Rat, Pig-Pig, Human
38
Trichinosis is Best Described as a
Zoonotic Disease
39
Does Trichinosis Affect Wildlife with Illness?
No, there is no illness in the wild but it is an important disease to humans.
40
Most Widely Distributed Disease from Animals to Humans (From Undercooked Meat)
Trichinosis
41
Symptoms of Trichinosis in Humans
Flu-like Symptoms, Inflammation of Mucosa
42
How many Larvae does it take for a 150lb Human to be Completely Infected and Most Likely die from Trichinosis?
5 Larvae/Gram of Body Weight, 45g/lb
150lbs x (45g/lb) x 5 Larvae =
340,500 Larvae
43
How many Trichinosis Larvae can Pigs hold?
10 Larvae/Gram of Body Weight
44
How many Trichinosis Larvae can Rats hold?
30 Larvae/Gram of Body Weight
45
Migration of "Trichinella spiralis" Larvae in Humans Leads to
Damage of Blood Vessels (Swelling), Damage to Heart by Wandering Larvae (Abnormal EKG's), Hypereosinophilia, Difficulty Breathing and Swallowing
46
How to Avoid the Spread of Trichinosis in Humans
Cook Meat Thoroughly
Smoking, Salting, and Drying Does NOT Work
47
Swine Brucellosis is Caused by
Brucella suis
48
Brucella suis is a
Bacterium
49
Hosts for Brucellosis
Swine, Occasionally Domestic Animals
50
How is Brucellosis Described?
A Repro Tract Disease
51
Brucellosis Causes
Abortion, Stillborn or Weak Pigs, Infertility, Testicular Inflammation, Lameness, Shrunken Testicles, Abscesses in Uterine Lining
52
How to Diagnose Swine Brucellosis
Culture (Lymph Nodes, Repro Organs)
Demonstration of Antibodies (Blood Serum Tests)
53
How is "Brucella suis" Transmitted?
Shed in Vaginal Discharges, Urine, Semen, Aborted Fetuses and Placenta, and Sexual Contact
54
Can Humans get Brucellosis?
Yes, Through Handling/Dressing Swine, Unpasteurized Milk/Cheese (Farmer, Vets)
55
What are signs of Infection of "Brucella suis" in Humans?
Flu-like Symptoms, Fever, Soreness
56
What is the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of Animals Infected with Brucellosis?
Very Low
57
Pseudorabies is Also Called
"Mad Itch" and "Aujesky's Disease"
58
What is Pseudorabies Caused by?
A Virus Called "Suid Herpesvirus 1"
59
How is Pseudorabies Transmitted?
Nasal and Oral Secretions (Contact)
60
How is Pseudorabies Picked Up?
It is Persistent in the Environment and Can be Spread via Aerosol (Favorable Conditions)
61
Species Affected by Pseudorabies (Can Get the Virus)
Domestic and Wild Swine
62
Dead End Hosts for Pseudorabies
Cattle, Sheep, Dogs, Cats, Raccoons, Rats, Birds (Experimentally)
63
What Age of Swine is Most Impacted by Pseudorabies?
Young Pigs
64
Morality of Non-Swine Host for Pseudorabies is
Roughly 100%
65
Can Humans Get Pseudorabies?
No, Humans are Refectory Hosts
66
Signs/Symptoms of Pseudorabies
High Fever, Vomiting, tremors, Incoordination, Convulsions, Inflammation of Meninges
67
Diagnosis of Pseudorabies
FA Test, IHC, PCR, Necropsy
68
What is Mink Dioctophymosis Caused by?
"Dictophyma renale"
69
"Dictophyma renale" is a:
Nematode (Giant Kidney Worm)
70
Hosts of Dioctophymosis
Wild and Domestic Carnivores (Mink, Weasels, Wolves, Foxes, etc.)
71
Life Cycle of "Dictophyma renale"
Egg (Urine) -> Egg (Ingested by Fish) -> Larvae in Fish [L3] -> [L3] Travels Through Stomach and Liver to Kidney -> Adults (live and Mate In Kidney (Eat It))
72
90% of the Time, "Dictophyma renale" is Found in the
Right Kidney (From the Duodenum)
- Occasionally in the Abdominal Cavity (Peritonitis)
73
Infected with Dioctophymosis Leads to
Non-functional Fibrous Capsules as Kidneys (Calcification), Compensatory Enlargement (x1.5) of the Left Kidney
74
Clinical Signs of Dioctophymosis
Wildlife: None
Domestic Dogs: Anorexia, Irritability, Convulsions
75
Diagnosis of Dioctophymosis
Presumptive, Necropsy, Urinalysis
76
Public Health Concern of Dioctophymosis for Humans
Adults: None
Larvae: Can Transmit from Raw or Undercooked Fish (Rare)
77
Humans can get which Larval Stage of Dioctophymosis?
[L3] Stage from Fish
78
Winter Tick in Moose is Caused by
Dermacentor albipictus
79
Dermacentor albipictus Can be Described as a
One Host Tick
80
Another Name for the Condition "Winter Tick" is
Ghost Moose
81
Dermacentor albipictus is Found on
Moose, Elk, Bighorn Sheep, Livestock
82
Dermacentor nigrolineatus is Found on
White-tailed Deer, Livestock
83
Life Cycle of D. albipictus
Egg -> Larvae -> Nymph -> Adult
- Male Dies, Female Becomes "Egg Cubes"
84
Signs/Symptoms of Winter Tick
Hairloss, Skin Inflammation (Little with Larvae or Nymph), Weakness
85
Wildlife Significance of Winter Tick
Ghost Moose, Indirect Mortality (30% Hairloss Doubles Daily Energy Requirements at 20°C
86
Public Health Considerations for Winter Tick
None
87
Diagnosis of Winter Tick
Based on Hairloss and Confirmation of Tick Species
88
Vesicular Stomatitis is caused by
RNA Vesiculovirus
89
Two types of Rhabdoviridae (RNA Vesiculovius Family)
VSV-NJ and VSV-I
90
Vesicular Stomatitis has _______ Morbidity and ________ Mortality.
High (Roughly 90%), Low (Death in Young not as Common as for FMD)
91
Hosts of Vesicular Stomatitis
Cattle, Swine, Horses, Camelids, Humans, Wildlife Species (Especially Raccoons and Deer)
92
What animals are resistant to Vesicular Stomatitis?
Sheep and Goats
93
Losses Due to Vesicular Stomatitis are:
Increased Culling, Reduced Milk Production, Increased Mortality, and Labor, Medicine, and Veterinary Costs
94
Outbreaks of Vesicular Stomatitis are Primarily in
Wamer Regions (Riverways, Valleys)
Occasionally in Temperate Regions
95
Incubation Period of Vesicular Stomatitis
3-5 Days
96
Clinical Signs of Vesicular Stomatitis
Fever and Vesicles (Isolated in One Area of the Body - Either Mouth or Feet)
97
Horses are Severely Affected by Vesicular Stomatitis with Clinical Signs Being
Oral Lesions (Drooling, Chomping, Mouth Rubbing, Lameness), Coronary Band Lesions
98
Post Mortem Lesions From Vesicular Stomatitis
Erosive, Ulcerative Lesions
Oral Cavity, Teats, Coronary Band
Degeneration of Epithelial Cells (Histology)
Virus in Fresh Lesions, Vesicular Fluid (EM)
99
Vesicular Stomatitis Diagnosis
Viral Antigen - From Vesicular Fluid or Epithelium, ELISA, Complement Fixation, Virus Neutralization
Antibody Tests - ELISA, Complement Fixation, Virus Neutralization
100
Vesicular Stomatitis Treatment
No Specific Treatment
Recommended: Supportive Care, Antibiotics for Secondary Infection (Mastitis Included), Good Prognosis
101
Human Infection with Vesicular Stomatitis
Contact with Infected: Tissues, Vesicular Fluid, Saliva
Vector Injection: Blackfly and Sandfly
Aerosol Transmission (Lab Setting)
102
Clinical Signs of Vesicular Stomatitis in Humans
Incubation Period: 1-6 Days
Influenza-like Symptoms: Headache, Fever, Retrobulbar Pain, Malaise, Nausea, Limb and Back Pain, Oral Vesicles (Rare)
103
Recovery from Vesicular Stomatitis in Humans
Self-limiting Disease, Supportive Care
Recovery can be Prolonged
Death is Rare
104
Diagnosis of Vesicular Stomatitis in Humans
Clinical Diagnosis Difficult (Flu-like Illness)
Differentials Include: Coxsackie Q Group Viruses (HFM Disease), Herpes Simples
Serology: Virus Isolation Unsuccessful
105
Public Health Significance to Vesicular Stomatitis
Low Incidence of Human Illness, Chance of Infection when Handling Contaminated Tissues (Biosafety Level 3), Rarely Causes Vesicle Formation, Recovery 4-7 Days
106
Vesicular Stomatitis can be Confused with
Foot and Mouth Disease
107
In the VSV (Vesicular Stomatitis) Vesicle
Straw Colored Fluid with Very Concentrated Virus
108
Transmission of VSV
Sand Flies and Blackflies (Diptera: Psychodidae -> Phlebotomine -> "Lutzomyia shannoni")
Direct Contact: Infected Animals, Contaminated Objects
109
Prevention and Control of VSV
Notification of Authorities, Quarantine, Movement Restriction for 30 Days, Many Different Disinfectants
110
Feral and Domestic Swine Summary of Ossabaw Island, Georgia (1980-1990)
1. VSV-NJ enzootic and activity is predictable.
2. Begins in late spring on south end.
3. Clinical disease uncommon, seroconvert only.
4. Vector-mediated transmission likely.
Have never isolated virus from swine blood.
111
WHO Criteria for Vector Competence (VERY IMPORTANT)
1. Isolation from non-blooded specimens.
2. Susceptible to oral infectivity.
3. Capable of bite transmission.
4. Evidence of field association.
112
How does L. shannoni become infected?
1. Unrecognized vertebrate species involved.
2. Unrecognized modes of oral infectivity.
3. Transovarial transmission
Stabilized infection.
4. Unrecognized transmission mechanism.
113
Tyzzer's Disease (Errington's Disease) is Caused by
Clostridium piliforme
114
Clostridium piliforme is a
Intracellular, Spore-forming, Rod-shaped Bacterium
115
Clostridium piliforme is Primary Seen in
Muskrats, Rodents, First Recognized in Mice, Also Seen in Horse Foals
116
Hosts of Tyzzer's Disease
Muskrats (VERY IMPORTANT), Coyotes, Rabbits, Raccoons, Variety of Domestic and Lab Animals
117
Lesions Associated with Clostridium piliformis
Ulceration, Necrosis, Hemorrhage and Edema of Cecum and Lower Intestinal Tract
Multifocal Areas of Necrosis in the Liver
Blood-tinged Fluid in Thoracic or Abdominal Cavities, Multifocal Necrotizing Hemorrhagic Typhlitis
118
Typhlitis Is
Inflammation of the Cecum
119
Clinical Signs of Tyzzer's (Errington's) Disease
None Reported, Rapidly Fatal in Natural Infections
120
Transmission of Tyzzer's (Errington's Disease)
Ingestion of bacterial spores from feces of infected animal.
Spores reported to persist in marshes for up to 5 years.
Errington reported “death hutches”, which were contaminated with spores and were source of infection for animals in succeeding years.
121
Diagnosis of Tyzzer's Disease
Gross and Microscopic Lesions, Histologic Staining, and Giemsa, Silver Stains Will Work
122
Public Health Implications of Errington's Disease
None, but can Cause Periodic Large Scale Die-offs of Muskrats in Upper Midwest
123
Can People get Errington's Disease?
No
124
Physaloptera is Caused by a
Nematode
125
Species of Physaloptera Nematodes
Physaloptera maxilaris
Physaloptera turgida
Physaloptera rara
126
Physaloptera Nematode in Skunks
Physaloptera maxilaris
127
Physaloptera Nematode in Opossums
Physaloptera turgida
128
Physaloptera rara Infects
Raccoons, Foxes, and Wild Dog and Cats (Common Hosts)
Rare in Domestic Dogs and Cats
129
Physaloptera Commonly Occurs in the
Stomach
130
Physaloptera Have an ________ Life Cycle
Indirect
131
Intermediate Hosts of Physaloptera
Crickets, Cockroaches, Flour and Ground Beetles
132
Paratenic Hosts of Physaloptera
Frogs, Snakes, Mice, Turkey, Quail, and Other Birds
133
Paratenic Hosts are Also Called _________, Meaning
Transport Hosts; No Further Development (Stays [L3] in Host Before Host is Eaten Again)
134
A Heavy Infection of Physaloptera Leads to
Anemia -> Constant Attachment and Release of Worms from Mucosa
135
Can Humans Get Physaloptera?
YES
136
Pathogenesis of Physaloptera
Attach to gastric mucosa.
Cause erosions, gastritis, excess mucous formation.
Feed largely on blood.
137
Clinical Signs of Physaloptera
Intermittent/Chronic Vomiting, Lethargy, Diarrhea, Weight Loss, Anorexia, Melena - Black, Tarry Feces
138
Diagnosis of Physaloptera
Fecal Flotations, Gastroduodenoscopy, Worms on Vomitus or Feces
139
Treatment for Physaloptera
Febendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate, Ivermectin
140
Old Genus for Baylisascaris
Ascaris
141
What are the Three (That We Have to Know) Causative Agents of Baylisascaris
Baylisascaris procyonis
Baylisascaris columnaris
Baylisascaris transfuga
142
Baylisascaris in Raccoons
Baylisascaris procyonis
143
Baylisascaris is Skunks
Baylisascaris columnaris
144
Baylisascaris in Bears
Baylisascaris transfuga
145
What is the Infective Stage of Baylisascaris?
[L2] in Egg
146
There are _____ Pathways of Infection for Baylisascaris
Two
147
Unembryonated Eggs in Feces are
Not Infectious
148
Paratenic Hosts of Baylisascaris
Mice, Woodchuck, Birds
149
Clinical Signs of Baylisascaris Infection
Definitive Hosts: Typically None
Heavy Infection in Skunks: Peritonitis Due to Perforation of Gut Wall
Intermediate Hosts: May Cause Neurologic Disease
150
Signs of Neurologic Disease Associated with Baylisascaris in Intermediate Hosts
Circling, Paresis, Paralysis, Torticollis, and Other Neurologic Abnormalities
151
Torticollis Definition:
Abnormal Posture, Twisting of Neck
152
Can Baylisascaris Infect Humans?
Yes, There Have Been Multiple Human Fatalities
153
Gross Lesions Associated with Baylisascaris in Definitive Host
Not Significant
154
Gross Lesions Associated with Baylisascaris in Paratenic Hosts
Focal Granulomas in Visceral Organs
155
Lesions Associated with Baylisascaris in General
Lesions in Brain and Spinal Cord - Hemorrhage, Microscopic (Maybe Necrosis and Inflammation)
156
Visceral Larval Migrans (VLM) Means that
Larva Migrate Through Viscera
157
Baylisascaris procyonis in CNS Leads to
Neurologic Disease
158
Diagnosis of Baylisascaris Adults in Definitive Hosts
Fecal Exam, Recover Worms at Necropsy
159
Diagnosis of Baylisascaris Adults in Aberrant Hosts
Neurologic Disease -> Repeated Histologic Section of Brain and Spinal Cord
Digest Both in HCl/Pepsin Mixture to Recover and Identify Larvae
160
Wildlife Management Significance in Association with Baylisascaris
Significant Mortality in Aberrant Hosts
Woodchucks: Neurologic Disease, Paralysis, Mortality
161
Mortality of Cottontail Rabbits in One Outbreak
Estimated at 25%
162
Public Health Implications Associated with Baylisascaris
4 Fatalities (Special Circumstances)
Non-fatal Cases Involving Ocular Disease in Humans
163
Woodchucks may be Infected with
Baylisascaris procyonis and Baylisascaris columnaris
164
Clinical Signs of Baylisascaris in Humans
Nausea, Eye and Brain Tissue Damage, Skin Irritations, Lethargy, Loss of Muscle Control, Liver Enlargement
165
Clinical Signs of Baylisascaris in Raccoons
NONE
166
How Long Does it Take for Clinical Signs of Baylisascaris to Occur?
Appear 1-3 Weeks after Infection, Can Tale as long as 2 Months
167
Treatment for Baylisascaris
Laser Treatment for Eye, Anti-helminthics for Raccoons, Damage Done is Irreversible -> No Exact "Treatment"
168
Causative Agents of Raccoon Stomach Worms
Gnathostoma procyonis
Physaloptera rara
169
What are Gnathostoma procyonis and
Physaloptera rara?
Nematodes
170
Host for Gnathostoma procyonis
Raccoons
171
Hosts for Physaloptera rara
Raccoons, Wild Carnivores and Omnivores, Rarely in Domestic Cats and Dogs
172
Field Signs of Gnathostoma procyonis or Physaloptera rara
None Attributed
173
Lesions Associated with Gnathostoma procyonis or Physaloptera rara
Firm Raised Nodules with a Central Ulceration in the Stomach
-> Several Worms may be in One Nodule
174
Diagnosis of Raccoon Stomach Worms
Grossly Visible Worms in Stomach at Necropsy
175
Two Intermediate Hosts of Gnathostoma
Copepods then Water Snakes
-> Raccoons Infected by Eating Infective Snakes
176
Intermediate Host of Physaloptera
Crickets or Other Insects
-> Raccoons Infected by Eating Crickets
177
Wildlife Management Significance of Raccoon Stomach Worms
Large Numbers may be Complicating Factor in Heavily Parasitized Malnourished Raccoons
178
Public Health Significance of Raccoon Stomach Worms
None
179
Causative Agent of Subcutaneous Worm (of Raccoons)
Dracunculus insignis
180
"Dracunculus insignis" is a
Nematode
181
Paratenic Hosts of "Dracunculus insignis"
Frog, Crayfish, Fish
182
How do Paratenic Hosts and Raccoons get Subcutaneous Worms
Paratenic Hosts: Ingestion of Copepods (Intermediate Hosts)
Raccoons: Ingestion of Copepods or Paratenic Hosts
183
In the Paratenic Hosts, the Subcutaneous Worm Larve
Encysts [L3]
184
Clinical Signs of "Dracunculus insignis"
Swelling or Skin Overlying Worms, Scratching or Rubbing Inflamed Skin, Muscle or Skin Swelling, Fecal Ulcerations of Skin
185
Diagnosis of Subcutaneous Worms
Find Worms When Skinned, Preserve in 5% Formalin
186
Wildlife Management Significance of "Dracunculus insignis"
Not Considered Pathogenic
187
The Stick of Asclepius and the Symbolic Mark of the WHO Creature
The Guinea Worm "Fiery Snake"
188
Causative Agent of Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma cruzi
189
Trypanosoma cruzi is a
Protozoan Parasite
190
Is Trypanosoma a Disease of Raccoons?
No, They are Carriers of the Parasite of Humans
191
Can Humans get Trypanosoma from Raccoons and are the Strains in the US Pathogenic?
No and No
192
Trypanosoma is a Severe Disease in
South America
193
Most Trypanosoma Species are Heteroxenous Meaning
Living Within More Than One Host During Their Life Cycle
194
Vectors of "Trypanosoma cruzi"
Hemiptera (True Bugs) in Family Reduviidae
-> Kissing Bugs
195
Trypanosoma is the Causative Agent of
Chagas Disease
-> 50,000 Deaths Each Year
196
Reservoir Hosts for "Trypanosoma cruzi"
Domestic and Wild Mammals
-> Raccoons, Armadillos, Opossums, Rodents, Bats, Non-human Primates, Skunks, Gray Foxes
197
Most Important Reservoir Hosts for Trypanosoma for Human Infections in Endemic Areas
Dogs and Cats
198
Where is "Trypanosoma cruzi" Present in Raccoons in Southern Georgia/Northern Florida?
Red Hills Plantation
199
Which Sex of Raccoon was Found to Have a Higher Ratio of Infect/Non-infected Specimen with "Trypanosoma cruzi"?
Females
200
Causative Agents for Echinococcosis
Cestode Parasites (Tapeworms) in Genus Echinococcus
201
Genus of Echinococcus Found in Big Canids, Deer, and Dogs
E. granulosus
202
Genus of Echinococcus Found in Red Foxes and Coyotes with Rodents as Intermediate Hosts
E. multilocularis
203
The Size of an Adult Echinococcosis Worm is
Scolex + 3-5 Segments
-> 1-2mm
204
Principal Definitive Hosts of Echinococcosis in the U.S.
Contiguous: Red Foxes and Coyotes
Alaska: Artic Foxes
205
Suitable Definitive Hosts for Echinococcosis
Dogs and Cats
206
Intermediate Hosts of Echinococcosis
Variety of Rodents
207
Humans are Susceptible to Echinococcosis Infection Through
The Larval Stage
208
Echinococcosis is Also Called
Hydatid Disease
209
Field Signs of Echinococcosis in Definitive Hosts
Rarely Cause Disease
210
Field Signs of Echinococcosis in Intermediate Hosts
Depends on Species of Tapeworm and Host as well as the Location and Size of Hydatid Cysts
211
Echinococcosis Tapeworms are Primarily Found in the
Liver or Abdominal Cavity
212
Gross Lesions Associated with Echinococcosis in Definitive Hosts
Do Not Develop Grossly Detectable Lesions
213
Gross Lesions Associated with Echinococcosis in Intermediate Hosts
Multiple, Massive, Hydatid Cysts (Liver, Lungs, Brain, Other Organs)
214
General Transmission of Echinococcosis
Carnivore Definitive Host (Adult in Intestine)
Eggs in Feces (Immediately Infective)
Herbivore Intermediate Host (Rodent)
Hydatid Cyst in Viscera Ingested
215
Transmission of E. granulosus
Wolves and Dogs
-> Into Unguates (Moose, Caribou, Deer, Sheep, etc.) OR Hydatid Disease of Man
216
Hydatid Disease of Man is a Particular Problem in ___________, but is Prevalent and Distributed ___________
Africa and Eurasia; Wordlwide
217
Transmission of E. multilocularis
Artic Fox, Red Fox, Coyote, Dog, Cat
-> Into Voles, Deer Mice, Rodents OR Man
218
E. multilocularis Produces a Different Form of Hydatid Disease Called
Alveolar Hydatid Disease
219
Alveolar Hydatid Disease Causes and has a CFR of
Multiple Branching Enlarging Cysts; 85%
220
Wildlife Management Significance of Echinococcosis
Not Really Important in Animals but in People
221
Public Health Considerations Associated with Echinococcosis
Cysts in Liver, Lungs, Spleen, Kidneys, Heart, and Brain
222
E. granulosus is Often Found in the
Lung
223
E. multilocularis Resembles
Cirrhosis of the Liver
224
Cysticercosis Treatment Includes the Usage of
Praziquantel
225
Causative Agent of Sarcoptic Mange
Sarcoptes scabei (Mite with 8 Legs)
226
Sarcoptic Mange is Transmitted By
Direct Contact or Contaminated Environment
227
Hosts of Sarcoptic Mange
Red Foxes, Coyotes, Wolves, Dogs, Humans
228
Sarcoptic Mange is the #1 Disease of
Red Foxes
229
Can a Grey Fox get Sarcoptic Mange?
No
230
Clinical Signs of Sarcoptic Mange
Emaciation, Weakness, and Hairloss Due to Excessive Scratching, Chewing and Grooming
231
Lesions Associated with Sarcoptic Mange
Self-Induced Trauma with Varying Degrees of Hairloss, Flaky, Dry, or Moist Fetid Material in Fur, Inflammation, Thickening, and Wrinkling of Skin
232
Diagnosis of Sarcoptic Mange
Tentative on Gross Lesions, Skin Scraping and Microscope, Demonstrate in Skin Tissue Sections and Histopathology
233
Samson Fox is
A Genetic Defect in Grey and Red Foxes Causing No Guard Hairs and only Underfur to be Present
234
Grey Foxes are Considered to be _______ Hosts for Sarcoptic Mange
Refractory
235
Public Health Considerations Associated with Sarcoptic Mange
Transient Dermatitis in Humans
236
Can Ivermectin Treat Sarcoptic Mange on Foxes?
Can Kill Mites if Treated Repeatedly, but Ineffective Against Eggs
237
Non-toxic Dosage of Ivermectin
1820mg/10lb/Week
238
Skunk Ascarids Causative Agent
Baylisascaris columnaris
239
"Baylisascaris columnaris" is a
Nematode
240
Species Affected by Skunk Ascarids
Adults: Gastrointestinal Tract
Larval Stages: Infectious for Variety of Mammals and Possibly Birds
241
Fields Signs of Skunk Ascarids
Normally: None
Heavy Infections: Perforation of Intestinal Wall and Subsequent Peritonitis and Death
242
Diagnosis of Skunk Ascarids
Removal of Worms from Intestinal Contents, Fecal Flotations
243
Wildlife Management Significance of Skunk Ascarids
Not Typically Highly Pathogenic in Skunks, Larvae in Other Species can cause Neurologic Disease
244
Public Health Considerations
Larvae Eggs may be Infectious to Humans
245
Causative Agent of Cutaneous Warbles (Ectoparasites)
Larvae of Flies in Genus Cuterebra
246
Species Affected by Cutaneous Warbles
Grey Squirrels in S.E. U.S. and Rodents and Rabbits
247
Field Signs of Cutaneous Warbles
Increased Scratching and Grooming, Subcutaneous Swellings, Signs Vary
248
Gross Lesions Associated with Cutaneous Warbles
Localized Swellings, Small Hairloss Near Openings
249
Diagnosis of Cutaneous Warbles
Recovery and Identification of Larvae (Rearing to Adult Flies may be Necessary), Preserve in Formalin or 70% Alcohol
250
In Grey Squirrels, Larvae (of Botflies) are Most Abundant During
Late Summer and Fall
251
Wildlife Management Significance of Cutaneous Warbles
Not Considered to Compromise Health, Heavy Infections may Lead to Bacterial Infections, Does not Effect Meat Quality
252
Can Humans Obtain Cutaneous Warbles?
Yes, Environmentally not Through Animal Hosts
253
Causative Agent for Fibromatosis
Virus - Poxvirus
254
Fibromatosis is Similar to
Shope's Fibroma
255
Hosts of Fibromatosis
Grey Squirrels, Woodchucks, Foxes, and Other Tree Squirrels (?)
256
Transmission of Fibromatosis
Experimentally: "Aedes" and "Anopheles" Mosquitoes
Arthropods Suspected in Nature
257
Lesions Associated with Fibromatosis
Raised, Flattened Nodules on Skin
Light Colored, Sparsely Haired, Occasionally Disseminated Over Body, Normally Restricted to Skin Only
258
Clinical Signs of Fibromatosis
None Reported, Most Infections are Self-limiting
259
Diagnosis of Fibromatosis
Tentative Gross Lesions, Confirm Using Histopathology or Virus Isolation
260
Public Health Implications Associated with Fibromatosis
None
261
Name the Additional Squirrel Skin Conditions
Congenital Alopecia, Dermatophytosis, Notoedric Mange, and Louse Bite Lesions
262
Provide a Description of Congenital Alopecia
A Nontransmissible Disease that Causes an Absence of Hair that is Thought to be Inherited. To Confirm the Disorder, a Histologic Examination is Required to show a lack of Hair Follicles.
263
Dermatophytoses is Also Called
"Tinea" or "Ringworm"
264
The Comon Fungus that Causes Infection in Squirrels
Trichophyton
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What is Dermatophytoses?
Superficial fungal infections on non-living layers of the skin or hair
266
What Other Fungus Genus has Been Reported to Cause Lesions in Association with "Ringworm"?
Mucor
267
Can Humans get Dematophytoses?
Yes, but risk of Infection from Handling Wildlife is Low and Treatment is Typically Rapid Through Usage of a Topical.
268
Causative Agent of Notoedric Mange
Squirrel Mange Mite - Notoedres
269
Notoedric Mange has Been Reported from
Grey and Fox Squirrels
270
Diagnosis of Notoedric Mange
Identification of Mites from a Skin Scraping
271
Causative Agents of Louse Bite Lesions (Need to Know Two Genus of Blood Sucking Lice)
Neohaematopinus and Hoplopeura
272
Describe Louse Bite Lesions
Circumscribed Reddened Lesions seen on the Abdomen, Inner Thighs, and Ventral Thorax.
273
Can People get Either Genus of Squirrel Lice?
No, Squirrel Lice are Host Specific and Will Not Live on People
