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Wildlife Diseases > Exam 3 - Diseases Genus and Species with Basic Transmission > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Diseases Genus and Species with Basic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Causative Agent of Sarcocystis

A

A Protozoan Parasite

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2
Q

Genus and Species of the Sarcocystis Causative Agent

A

Sarcocystis neurona and S. falcatula

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3
Q

Definitive Host of “Sarcocystis neurona”

A

Opossums

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4
Q

Intermediate Hosts of “Sarcocystis neurona”

A

Skunks, Armadillos, Domestic Cats, Raccoons

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5
Q

Dead End Hosts of “Sarcocystis neurona”

A

Horses

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6
Q

Intermediate Host of “Sarcocystis falcatula”

A

Bird Species

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7
Q

Can People Get It?

A

Yes, From Other “Sarcocystis” Species

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8
Q

Avian Acanthocephaliasis Causative Agent

A

Acanthocephala (Thorny-headed Worms)

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9
Q

Avian Acanthocephaliasis Genus and Species

A

There are Over 50 Species Known to Cause This Disease

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10
Q

Definitive Hosts of Avian Acanthocephaliasis

A

Birds: Duck, Geese, Swans

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11
Q

Intermediate Hosts of Avian Acanthocephaliasis

A

Arthropods: Amphipoda, Isopoda, Dacapoda

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12
Q

Avian Heartworm Causative Agent

A

Nematode

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13
Q

Causative Agent Name for Avian Heartworm

A

Sarconema eurycerca

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14
Q

Definitive Hosts for Avian Heartworm

A

Swan, Goose

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15
Q

Intermediate Hosts of Avian Heartworm

A

Biting Louse - “Trinoton”

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16
Q

Avian Hemosporidiosis (Avian Malaria) Causatie Agent

A

Intracellular Parasite Protozoan

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17
Q

Causative Agent Name for Avian Hemosporidiosis

A

Plasmdium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon

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18
Q

Definitive Host for Avian Hemosporidiosis

A

Birds: Primarily Geese, Wild Turkeys, Pigeons, Doves
Technically: Moquitoes

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19
Q

Intermediate Hosts for Avian Hemosporidiosis (Malaria)

A

Biting Flies: Mosquitoes, Black Flies, Louse Flies, Ceratopogonid Flies (Biting Midges, Sandflies)

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20
Q

Avian Nasal Leeches Causative Agent

A

Leeches

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21
Q

Avian Nasal Leech Genus and Species

A

Theromyzon rude

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22
Q

Definitive Hosts of Avian Nasal Leeches

A

Aquatic Bird Species

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23
Q

Can Humans Get Avian Nasal Leeches?

A

Yes, Not a Threat Though

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24
Q

What is Another Name for Avian Eustrongylidosis?

A

Verminous Peritonitis

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25
Causative Agent of Avian Eustrongylidosis
Nematodes
26
Nematode Name of Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis)
Eustrongyloides ignotus
27
Definitive Hosts for Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis)
Young Wading Birds, Herons and Egrets, Birds of Prey, Pelicans, etc.
28
Intermediate Hosts for Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis) *Two for One Pathway*
1- Freshwater Oligochaetes (Aquatic Worm) 2 - Small Fish, Frog, or Snake
29
Can Humans Get Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis)?
Yes, by Eating Raw or Undercooked Fish
30
Gizzard Worms are Caused by
Nematodes
31
Name of Nematode Causing Gizzard Worms
Amidostomum and Epomidiostomum
32
Definitive Hosts of Gizzard Worms
Waterfowl
33
Intermediate Hosts of Gizzard Worms
None - Direct Life Cycle (Birds Only)
34
Histomoniasis is the Number One Disease of
Wild Turkeys
35
Histomoniasis is Caused by
Protozoan Parasite
36
Name of Protozoan Parasite Causing Histomoniasis
Histomonas meleagridis
37
Definitive Hosts of Histomoniasis
Numerous Galliformes Birds (Mortality Rates Differ)
38
How do Turkeys get Histomoniasis?
Turkey eats Earthworm that ate a Cecal Worm/Nematide Eggs (Heterakis gallinarum) Containing Histomoniasis
39
Intestinal Coccidiosis is Caused by a
Intestinal Protozoans
40
Intestinal Coccidiosis Most Pathogenic Genus
Eimeria
41
Species Affected by Intestinal Coccidiosis
Many Animal Species
42
Transmission Cycle Type of Intestinal Coccidiosis
Direct Life Cycle
43
Sarcocystis is Caused by
Sporozoan (Protozoan)
44
Causative Agent of Sarcocystis (Genus and Species)
Sarcocystis rileyi
45
Definitive Hosts for Sarcocystis
Carnivores
46
Paratenic/Transport Hosts of Sarcocystis
Avians (Waterfowl)
47
Tracheal Worms are also Called
Gape Worm, gape, Syngamiasis
48
Tracheal Worms are a Type of
Nematode
49
Genus and Species for the Causative Agent of Tracheal Worms
Syngamus trachea
50
Species Affected by Tracheal Worms
BIRDS
51
Tracheal Worms/Gape Worms Transport Hosts
Snails, Earthworms
52
Life Cycle Type for Tracheal/Gape Worms
Indirect Life Cycle
53
Trichomoniasis is also Called
Canker or Frounce
54
Trichomoniasis Causative Agent
Protozoan
55
Genus and Species Name for the Protozoan Causing Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas gallinae
56
Definitive Hosts for Trichomoniasis (Canker, Frounce)
Doves, Pigeons, Domestic Turkeys and Chickens, Birds of Prey, Songbirds (Less Common)
57
How is Trichomoniasis Spread?
Contaminated Feeders, Direct Infections, Bird Nests, Raptors Eating Infected Carcus
58
Avian Chlamydiosis is also Called
Psittacosis, Parrot Fever, Ornithosis, Parrot Disease, Louisiana Pneumonitis
59
Avian Chlamydiosis is Caused by
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
60
Causative Agent Name for Avian Chlamydiosis
Chlamydophila psittaci
61
Definitive Hosts for Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Parrot Fever, Louisiana Pneumonia)
Psittacines (Cockatiels, Parakeets), Turkeys, Ducks, Pigeons, Doves, Sparrows, Egrets, Gulls
62
Common Occurrences of Avian Chlamydiosis
Feral Pigeons, Waterfowl, Herons, Egret, Gulls, Songbirds
63
How is Avian Chlamydiosis Transmitted in Birds?
Shed Intermittently by Carriers, Shedding Activated by Stress (Shipping, Breeding Crowding, Chilling)
64
How is Avian Chlamydiosis Transmitted in Humans?
Inhalation (Dried Infective Droppings, Secretions/Dust from Feathers), Mouth -to-Beak, Direct Contact (Handling Tissues o Plumage of Infected Bird), Person-to-Person Not Proven
65
Cholera is also Called
Fowl Cholera, Avian Pastuerellosis
66
Cholera is Caused by a
Bacterium
67
Name of the Bacterium Causative Agent for Cholera
Pastrurella multocida
68
Definitive Hosts of Cholera
Waterfowl, Coots, Gulls, Major in Domestic Poultry (Turkeys More Susceptible Than Chickens)
69
Carriers of Cholera
Rodents, Carnivores, Rabbits, Big Game, Domestic Animals, Pinnipeds (Sea Lions, Fur Seals), Insects
70
Forms of Transmission for Cholera
Bird-to-Bird, Ingestions, Aerosol, Insects, Animal Bites, Fomites, Urine, Feces
71
Can Humans get the "Pastrurella multocida" Strain of Cholera
No, There is a Different Strain in Humans
72
Avian Mycoplasmosis is also Called
Chronic Respiratory Disease, Infectious Sinusitis, House Finch Conjunctivitis
73
Avian Mycoplasmosis is Caused by a
Bacteria that Lacks a Cell Wall
74
Three Names for the Bacteria that Cause Avian Mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS)
75
Definitive Hosts for Avian Mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) - Primarily Turkeys Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) - Captive Gamebirds, Ducks and Geese
76
How is Avian Mycoplasmosis Transmitted?
Aerosol Transmission, Direct Contact, Eggs (From MM in Turkeys)
77
Can Humans get Avian Mycoplasmosis?
No
78
Avian Salmonellosis is also Called
Paratyphoid, Bacillary White Diarrhea, Pollorum Disease, Fowl Typhoid)
79
Avian Salmonellosis is Caused By A
Bacterium
80
Name the Three Species of Bacterium that Cause Avian Salmonellosis
Salmonella pullorum (Pullorum Disease), Salmonella gallinarum (Fowl Typhoid), Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonellosis)
81
What Avian Species are Affected by Avian Salmonellosis
All Species of Birds, Depends on the Strain for Infection
82
Avian Salmonellosis Lives in or Stays in
Poultry Feed, Litter, Soil from Pens, Hatchery Fluff, Avian Feces, Reptilian Feces, Manure, Urban Garden Soil
83
How Avian Salmonellosis is Transmitted?
Ovarian, Egg Transmission, Inhalation (Rarely), Environmental/Food Contamination (Humans Too)
84
Can Humans Contact Avian Salmonellosis?
Yes
85
Avian Tuberculosis is Also Called
Mycobacteriosis or TB
86
Avian Tuberculosis (TB, Mycobacteriosis) is Caused by a
Bacterium
87
Name of the Bacterium Causing Avian Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium
88
What Species are Affected by Avian Tuberculosis
All Avian Species Susceptible - Free-Ranging, Captive, and Domestic
89
How is Avian Tuberculosis Transmitted?
Generally by Direct Contact with Infected Birds, No Bird to Human Transmission, Deer Become Infected, Dogs Resistant, Experimentally: Bird to Pig
90
Can Humans get Avian Tuberculosis?
Yes, Infected with M. avium but Only by Direct Contact With Infected Bird
91
Ulcerative Enteritis is a Major Disease of
Quail
92
Name of the Causative Agent for Ulcerative Enteritis
Clostridium colinum
93
Definitive Hosts for Ulcerative Enteritis
Game Birds Raised in Captivity
94
Staphyloccosis Causative Agent Name
Staphylococcus aureus
95
One Form of Staphylococcosis Results in Skin Lesions Called
Pododermatitis or Bumblefoot
96
Can Humans get Staphylococcus aureus?
Yes, it can Cause Serious Disease as a Wound Infection and Source of Food Poisoning
97
Tularemia is Caused by a
Bacterium
98
Bacterium Name that Causes Tularemia
Francisella tularensis
99
Definitive Hosts of Tularemia
Many Avian Species
100
Tularemia is Primarily a Disease of
Mammals
101
Sources of Infection for Tularemia
Ticks are Primary Source of Disease Transmission, Consumption of Infected Birds and Rodents
102
Colibacillosis is Caused by a
Bacterium
103
Bacterium name that Caused Colibacillosis
Esherichia coli
104
How Often is E. coli seen in Birds?
Occasionally
105
Eastern Equine Encephalitis is Also Called
EEE, Eastern Encephalitis, EE, Eastern Sleeping Sickness of Horses
106
Bird Species Affected by EEE
Glossy Ibis, Pigeons, House Sparrows, Pheasant, Chukar, Emu, Songbirds
107
How is EEE Maintained as an Endemic (Enzootic) Focus of Infection in Nature?
In a Mosquito-Wild Bird Cycle
108
EEE is What Type of Disease in Humans?
Endemic Disease
109
EEE Causative Agent
RNA Virus, Family Togaviridae, Arbovirus
110
Intermediate Hosts of EEE
Mosquitoes (Culiseta melanura)
111
Accidental/Incidental Hosts of EEE
Horses and Humans
112
Are Humans Susceptible to EEE?
Yes, Typically Arise After it Appears in Horses and it Leaves Permanent Neurological Disorders
113
Avian Influenza is also Called
Fowl Pest, Fowl Plague, Avian Influenza A
114
Avian Influenza Causative Agent
Type A Influenza Virus
115
Three Types of Influenza Viruses
Type A - Multiple Species Type B - Humans Type C - Humans and Swine
116
Definitive Hosts of Avian Influenza
Migratory Waterfowl (Mallards), Shorebirds, Gulls, Quail, Pheasants, Ratites
117
Avian Pox is Also Called
Fowl Pox, Avian Diphtheria, Contagious Epithelioma
118
Avian Pox is Caused by a
Avipoxvirus (Poxvirus)
119
Definitive Hosts of Avian Pox
60 Free-living Species, Songbirds, Upland Gamebirds, Raptors (Bald Eagles)
120
How is Avian Pox Transmitted?
Mosquito Transmission, Contaminated Surfaces, Air-borne Particles
121
Duck Plague is also Called
Duck Viral Enteritis
122
Duck Plague is Caused by a
Virus
123
Name of Virus Causing Duck Plague
Herpesvirus
124
Definitive Hosts of Duck Plague
Only Ducks, Geese, Swans
125
How is Duck Plague Transmitted?
Direct Contact, Shed in Secretions
126
Aspergillosis is also Called
Brooder Pneumonia, Pseudotuerculosis, "Asper" Mycosis, Mycotic Pneumonia
127
Aspergillosis is Caused by a
Fungus
128
Fungus Name Causing Aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
129
Definitive Hosts for Aspergillosis
Birds and Mammals - Waterfowl, Gulls, Loons, Crows
130
How is Aspergillosis Transmitted?
Grows on Decomposed Organic Matter, Spores Inhaled
131
Common Sources of Aspergillosis
Moldy Food, Straw, Silage, Plant Debris
132
Can Humans get Aspergillosis?
Yes, by Inhalation of Spores. No Animal-Human Transmission Proven

Wildlife Diseases (2 decks)

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