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Wildlife Diseases > Exam 3 - Diseases Genus and Species with Basic Transmission > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Diseases Genus and Species with Basic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Causative Agent of Sarcocystis

A

A Protozoan Parasite

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2
Q

Genus and Species of the Sarcocystis Causative Agent

A

Sarcocystis neurona and S. falcatula

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3
Q

Definitive Host of “Sarcocystis neurona”

A

Opossums

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4
Q

Intermediate Hosts of “Sarcocystis neurona”

A

Skunks, Armadillos, Domestic Cats, Raccoons

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5
Q

Dead End Hosts of “Sarcocystis neurona”

A

Horses

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6
Q

Intermediate Host of “Sarcocystis falcatula”

A

Bird Species

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7
Q

Can People Get It?

A

Yes, From Other “Sarcocystis” Species

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8
Q

Avian Acanthocephaliasis Causative Agent

A

Acanthocephala (Thorny-headed Worms)

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9
Q

Avian Acanthocephaliasis Genus and Species

A

There are Over 50 Species Known to Cause This Disease

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10
Q

Definitive Hosts of Avian Acanthocephaliasis

A

Birds: Duck, Geese, Swans

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11
Q

Intermediate Hosts of Avian Acanthocephaliasis

A

Arthropods: Amphipoda, Isopoda, Dacapoda

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12
Q

Avian Heartworm Causative Agent

A

Nematode

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13
Q

Causative Agent Name for Avian Heartworm

A

Sarconema eurycerca

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14
Q

Definitive Hosts for Avian Heartworm

A

Swan, Goose

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15
Q

Intermediate Hosts of Avian Heartworm

A

Biting Louse - “Trinoton”

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16
Q

Avian Hemosporidiosis (Avian Malaria) Causatie Agent

A

Intracellular Parasite Protozoan

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17
Q

Causative Agent Name for Avian Hemosporidiosis

A

Plasmdium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon

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18
Q

Definitive Host for Avian Hemosporidiosis

A

Birds: Primarily Geese, Wild Turkeys, Pigeons, Doves
Technically: Moquitoes

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19
Q

Intermediate Hosts for Avian Hemosporidiosis (Malaria)

A

Biting Flies: Mosquitoes, Black Flies, Louse Flies, Ceratopogonid Flies (Biting Midges, Sandflies)

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20
Q

Avian Nasal Leeches Causative Agent

A

Leeches

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21
Q

Avian Nasal Leech Genus and Species

A

Theromyzon rude

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22
Q

Definitive Hosts of Avian Nasal Leeches

A

Aquatic Bird Species

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23
Q

Can Humans Get Avian Nasal Leeches?

A

Yes, Not a Threat Though

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24
Q

What is Another Name for Avian Eustrongylidosis?

A

Verminous Peritonitis

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25
Q

Causative Agent of Avian Eustrongylidosis

A

Nematodes

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26
Q

Nematode Name of Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis)

A

Eustrongyloides ignotus

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27
Q

Definitive Hosts for Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis)

A

Young Wading Birds, Herons and Egrets, Birds of Prey, Pelicans, etc.

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28
Q

Intermediate Hosts for Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis)
Two for One Pathway

A

1- Freshwater Oligochaetes (Aquatic Worm)
2 - Small Fish, Frog, or Snake

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29
Q

Can Humans Get Avian Eustrongylidosis (Verminous Peritonitis)?

A

Yes, by Eating Raw or Undercooked Fish

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30
Q

Gizzard Worms are Caused by

A

Nematodes

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31
Q

Name of Nematode Causing Gizzard Worms

A

Amidostomum and Epomidiostomum

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32
Q

Definitive Hosts of Gizzard Worms

A

Waterfowl

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33
Q

Intermediate Hosts of Gizzard Worms

A

None - Direct Life Cycle (Birds Only)

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34
Q

Histomoniasis is the Number One Disease of

A

Wild Turkeys

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35
Q

Histomoniasis is Caused by

A

Protozoan Parasite

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36
Q

Name of Protozoan Parasite Causing Histomoniasis

A

Histomonas meleagridis

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37
Q

Definitive Hosts of Histomoniasis

A

Numerous Galliformes Birds (Mortality Rates Differ)

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38
Q

How do Turkeys get Histomoniasis?

A

Turkey eats Earthworm that ate a Cecal Worm/Nematide Eggs (Heterakis gallinarum) Containing Histomoniasis

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39
Q

Intestinal Coccidiosis is Caused by a

A

Intestinal Protozoans

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40
Q

Intestinal Coccidiosis Most Pathogenic Genus

A

Eimeria

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41
Q

Species Affected by Intestinal Coccidiosis

A

Many Animal Species

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42
Q

Transmission Cycle Type of Intestinal Coccidiosis

A

Direct Life Cycle

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43
Q

Sarcocystis is Caused by

A

Sporozoan (Protozoan)

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44
Q

Causative Agent of Sarcocystis (Genus and Species)

A

Sarcocystis rileyi

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45
Q

Definitive Hosts for Sarcocystis

A

Carnivores

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46
Q

Paratenic/Transport Hosts of Sarcocystis

A

Avians (Waterfowl)

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47
Q

Tracheal Worms are also Called

A

Gape Worm, gape, Syngamiasis

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48
Q

Tracheal Worms are a Type of

A

Nematode

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49
Q

Genus and Species for the Causative Agent of Tracheal Worms

A

Syngamus trachea

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50
Q

Species Affected by Tracheal Worms

A

BIRDS

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51
Q

Tracheal Worms/Gape Worms Transport Hosts

A

Snails, Earthworms

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52
Q

Life Cycle Type for Tracheal/Gape Worms

A

Indirect Life Cycle

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53
Q

Trichomoniasis is also Called

A

Canker or Frounce

54
Q

Trichomoniasis Causative Agent

A

Protozoan

55
Q

Genus and Species Name for the Protozoan Causing Trichomoniasis

A

Trichomonas gallinae

56
Q

Definitive Hosts for Trichomoniasis (Canker, Frounce)

A

Doves, Pigeons, Domestic Turkeys and Chickens, Birds of Prey, Songbirds (Less Common)

57
Q

How is Trichomoniasis Spread?

A

Contaminated Feeders, Direct Infections, Bird Nests, Raptors Eating Infected Carcus

58
Q

Avian Chlamydiosis is also Called

A

Psittacosis, Parrot Fever, Ornithosis, Parrot Disease, Louisiana Pneumonitis

59
Q

Avian Chlamydiosis is Caused by

A

Obligate Intracellular Bacteria

60
Q

Causative Agent Name for Avian Chlamydiosis

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

61
Q

Definitive Hosts for Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Parrot Fever, Louisiana Pneumonia)

A

Psittacines (Cockatiels, Parakeets), Turkeys, Ducks, Pigeons, Doves, Sparrows, Egrets, Gulls

62
Q

Common Occurrences of Avian Chlamydiosis

A

Feral Pigeons, Waterfowl, Herons, Egret, Gulls, Songbirds

63
Q

How is Avian Chlamydiosis Transmitted in Birds?

A

Shed Intermittently by Carriers, Shedding Activated by Stress (Shipping, Breeding Crowding, Chilling)

64
Q

How is Avian Chlamydiosis Transmitted in Humans?

A

Inhalation (Dried Infective Droppings, Secretions/Dust from Feathers), Mouth -to-Beak, Direct Contact (Handling Tissues o Plumage of Infected Bird), Person-to-Person Not Proven

65
Q

Cholera is also Called

A

Fowl Cholera, Avian Pastuerellosis

66
Q

Cholera is Caused by a

A

Bacterium

67
Q

Name of the Bacterium Causative Agent for Cholera

A

Pastrurella multocida

68
Q

Definitive Hosts of Cholera

A

Waterfowl, Coots, Gulls, Major in Domestic Poultry (Turkeys More Susceptible Than Chickens)

69
Q

Carriers of Cholera

A

Rodents, Carnivores, Rabbits, Big Game, Domestic Animals, Pinnipeds (Sea Lions, Fur Seals), Insects

70
Q

Forms of Transmission for Cholera

A

Bird-to-Bird, Ingestions, Aerosol, Insects, Animal Bites, Fomites, Urine, Feces

71
Q

Can Humans get the “Pastrurella multocida” Strain of Cholera

A

No, There is a Different Strain in Humans

72
Q

Avian Mycoplasmosis is also Called

A

Chronic Respiratory Disease, Infectious Sinusitis, House Finch Conjunctivitis

73
Q

Avian Mycoplasmosis is Caused by a

A

Bacteria that Lacks a Cell Wall

74
Q

Three Names for the Bacteria that Cause Avian Mycoplasmosis

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS)

75
Q

Definitive Hosts for Avian Mycoplasmosis

A

Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) - Primarily Turkeys
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) - Captive Gamebirds, Ducks and Geese

76
Q

How is Avian Mycoplasmosis Transmitted?

A

Aerosol Transmission, Direct Contact, Eggs (From MM in Turkeys)

77
Q

Can Humans get Avian Mycoplasmosis?

A

No

78
Q

Avian Salmonellosis is also Called

A

Paratyphoid, Bacillary White Diarrhea, Pollorum Disease, Fowl Typhoid)

79
Q

Avian Salmonellosis is Caused By A

A

Bacterium

80
Q

Name the Three Species of Bacterium that Cause Avian Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella pullorum (Pullorum Disease), Salmonella gallinarum (Fowl Typhoid), Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonellosis)

81
Q

What Avian Species are Affected by Avian Salmonellosis

A

All Species of Birds, Depends on the Strain for Infection

82
Q

Avian Salmonellosis Lives in or Stays in

A

Poultry Feed, Litter, Soil from Pens, Hatchery Fluff, Avian Feces, Reptilian Feces, Manure, Urban Garden Soil

83
Q

How Avian Salmonellosis is Transmitted?

A

Ovarian, Egg Transmission, Inhalation (Rarely), Environmental/Food Contamination (Humans Too)

84
Q

Can Humans Contact Avian Salmonellosis?

A

Yes

85
Q

Avian Tuberculosis is Also Called

A

Mycobacteriosis or TB

86
Q

Avian Tuberculosis (TB, Mycobacteriosis) is Caused by a

A

Bacterium

87
Q

Name of the Bacterium Causing Avian Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium avium

88
Q

What Species are Affected by Avian Tuberculosis

A

All Avian Species Susceptible
- Free-Ranging, Captive, and Domestic

89
Q

How is Avian Tuberculosis Transmitted?

A

Generally by Direct Contact with Infected Birds, No Bird to Human Transmission, Deer Become Infected, Dogs Resistant, Experimentally: Bird to Pig

90
Q

Can Humans get Avian Tuberculosis?

A

Yes, Infected with M. avium but Only by Direct Contact With Infected Bird

91
Q

Ulcerative Enteritis is a Major Disease of

A

Quail

92
Q

Name of the Causative Agent for Ulcerative Enteritis

A

Clostridium colinum

93
Q

Definitive Hosts for Ulcerative Enteritis

A

Game Birds Raised in Captivity

94
Q

Staphyloccosis Causative Agent Name

A

Staphylococcus aureus

95
Q

One Form of Staphylococcosis Results in Skin Lesions Called

A

Pododermatitis or Bumblefoot

96
Q

Can Humans get Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Yes, it can Cause Serious Disease as a Wound Infection and Source of Food Poisoning

97
Q

Tularemia is Caused by a

A

Bacterium

98
Q

Bacterium Name that Causes Tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

99
Q

Definitive Hosts of Tularemia

A

Many Avian Species

100
Q

Tularemia is Primarily a Disease of

A

Mammals

101
Q

Sources of Infection for Tularemia

A

Ticks are Primary Source of Disease Transmission, Consumption of Infected Birds and Rodents

102
Q

Colibacillosis is Caused by a

A

Bacterium

103
Q

Bacterium name that Caused Colibacillosis

A

Esherichia coli

104
Q

How Often is E. coli seen in Birds?

A

Occasionally

105
Q

Eastern Equine Encephalitis is Also Called

A

EEE, Eastern Encephalitis, EE, Eastern Sleeping Sickness of Horses

106
Q

Bird Species Affected by EEE

A

Glossy Ibis, Pigeons, House Sparrows, Pheasant, Chukar, Emu, Songbirds

107
Q

How is EEE Maintained as an Endemic (Enzootic) Focus of Infection in Nature?

A

In a Mosquito-Wild Bird Cycle

108
Q

EEE is What Type of Disease in Humans?

A

Endemic Disease

109
Q

EEE Causative Agent

A

RNA Virus, Family Togaviridae, Arbovirus

110
Q

Intermediate Hosts of EEE

A

Mosquitoes (Culiseta melanura)

111
Q

Accidental/Incidental Hosts of EEE

A

Horses and Humans

112
Q

Are Humans Susceptible to EEE?

A

Yes, Typically Arise After it Appears in Horses and it Leaves Permanent Neurological Disorders

113
Q

Avian Influenza is also Called

A

Fowl Pest, Fowl Plague, Avian Influenza A

114
Q

Avian Influenza Causative Agent

A

Type A Influenza Virus

115
Q

Three Types of Influenza Viruses

A

Type A - Multiple Species
Type B - Humans
Type C - Humans and Swine

116
Q

Definitive Hosts of Avian Influenza

A

Migratory Waterfowl (Mallards), Shorebirds, Gulls, Quail, Pheasants, Ratites

117
Q

Avian Pox is Also Called

A

Fowl Pox, Avian Diphtheria, Contagious Epithelioma

118
Q

Avian Pox is Caused by a

A

Avipoxvirus (Poxvirus)

119
Q

Definitive Hosts of Avian Pox

A

60 Free-living Species, Songbirds, Upland Gamebirds, Raptors (Bald Eagles)

120
Q

How is Avian Pox Transmitted?

A

Mosquito Transmission, Contaminated Surfaces, Air-borne Particles

121
Q

Duck Plague is also Called

A

Duck Viral Enteritis

122
Q

Duck Plague is Caused by a

A

Virus

123
Q

Name of Virus Causing Duck Plague

A

Herpesvirus

124
Q

Definitive Hosts of Duck Plague

A

Only Ducks, Geese, Swans

125
Q

How is Duck Plague Transmitted?

A

Direct Contact, Shed in Secretions

126
Q

Aspergillosis is also Called

A

Brooder Pneumonia, Pseudotuerculosis, “Asper” Mycosis, Mycotic Pneumonia

127
Q

Aspergillosis is Caused by a

A

Fungus

128
Q

Fungus Name Causing Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

129
Q

Definitive Hosts for Aspergillosis

A

Birds and Mammals
- Waterfowl, Gulls, Loons, Crows

130
Q

How is Aspergillosis Transmitted?

A

Grows on Decomposed Organic Matter, Spores Inhaled

131
Q

Common Sources of Aspergillosis

A

Moldy Food, Straw, Silage, Plant Debris

132
Q

Can Humans get Aspergillosis?

A

Yes, by Inhalation of Spores. No Animal-Human Transmission Proven

Wildlife Diseases (2 decks)

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