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Gensoc Flashcards

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1
Q

FGM means

A

Female Genital Mutilation

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2
Q

Involves surgical removal of parts of all the most sensitive female organs

A

Female Genital Mutilation

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3
Q

Types of FGM

A

Circumcision or Sunna
Excision or clitoridectomy
Infibulation orr Pharaonic circumcision
Introcision

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4
Q

Involves the removal of the prepuce and the tip of the clitoris. Medically likened to male circumsion

A

Circumcision or Sunna

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5
Q

Involves the removal of the clitoris and often also the labia minora. Common in Africa, Asia, Middle East and Arabian peninsula

A

Excision or Clitoridectomy

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6
Q

Most severe operation. Involves excision plus the removal of the labia majora and the sealing of the two sides. Small opening to permit urination and passing of menstrual blood.

A

Infibulation or Pharaonic Circumcision

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7
Q

Practiced by the Pitta-Pitta aborigines of Australia. An operator (elderly man) enlarges the vaginal orfice by tearing it with three fingers bounded by opposum string or by using stone and knife. After the procedure it is followed by a compulsory sexual intercourse with a number of young boys.

A

Introcision

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8
Q

The type of female circumsion performed is oftenly decided by the girl’s _________

A

Mother or grandmother

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9
Q

The are the one’s administering the female circumsion

A

Excisor

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10
Q

Approximately _______ girls and women, currently living in 30 countries have experienced Genital Mutilation

A

100 Million

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11
Q

FGM is practiced in _____ countries in Africa

A

25

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12
Q

Reasons for FGM

A

Religion
Custom
Decreasing Sexual desire for women
Hygiene
Aesthetics
Facility of sexual relations
Fertility

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13
Q

They believe that when the clitoris the head of the baby it will die

A

Barbara of Mali

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14
Q

It is manifested in different practices where the preference for a male child and rejection for a daughter

A

Son preference

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15
Q

Son preference can lead to ______ and ______

A

Selective abortion
Female infanticide

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16
Q

T OR F

Son preference is universal and not unique to developing countries or rural areas

A

True

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17
Q

T OR F

Son preference is a trans-cultural phenomenon, and more ranked in American Countries and rooted in the patriarchal system

A

False (Asian Countries)

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18
Q

T OR F

Tribal societies which are matrilineal societies tends to be more gender eglitarian until the advent of settled agriculture

A

True

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19
Q

T OR F

Son preference is rooted on culture and economics

A

True

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20
Q

Women controls _________ agriculture
While men controls ______ agriculture

A

Primary
Settled

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21
Q

The birth of a son is an asset and a daughter is a liability which brings impending economic drain. This statement is manifested by this Asian proverb

A

“bringing up girls is like watering the neighbor’s garden’

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22
Q

________ Places the female child in a disadvantageous position

A

Sex bias or son preference

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23
Q

Practiced in Asia. Ensures female children have no life at all

A

Female infanticide

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24
Q

T OR F

Modern practice such as amniocentesis and ultrasound tests have given women greater power to detect the sex of their babies in time for abortion

A

True

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25
Q

_______ is another serious problem which girls must face. It is the practice of giving away girls which robs her childhood time necessary to develop her physically, emotionally, and psychologically

A

Early Marriage/Child Marriage

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26
Q

Early marriage is the practice of giving away girls for marriage at the age of

A

11,12,13

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27
Q

T OR F

Girls fr communities where early marriages occur are also victims of son preferential treatment

A

True

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28
Q

This is a woman’s exchange value in cash or any agreed form.

A

Bride-price

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29
Q

When the woman is a virgin notably through FGM the bride price is ______

A

Higher

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30
Q

In south Asia, low status girls’ parents has to pay the husband at the the of marriage. It is a form of property a woman brings with them when they marry.

A

Dowry

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31
Q

T OR F

Recent development on the practice of dowry has been spiraling in India with new added expectations

A

True

32
Q

What are the recent expectations added on dowry

A
  1. Increased in size (Land and means of survival are considered normal dowries)
  2. Longitudinal quality (Dowry is paid on Holidays, Birthdays)
  3. Marriage became the most important event in samskara (Hindu rite of passage)
  4. Size of dowries became the most important incentive in choice of men’s partners
  5. Increased consumerism, elaborate gifts (cars, boats)
33
Q

This includes mental and physical torture, starvation, rape and even burning women alive if payments are not met.

A

Dowry Crimes

34
Q

According to UNICEF no girl should be pregnant before the age of _____.

A

18

35
Q

T OR F

The risk on the mother’s and the child’s life is at higher risk in child pregnancies

A

True

36
Q

Cultural practices that ensure pregnant women are deprived of essential nutrients

A

Nutritional Taboos

37
Q

A practice where from infancy to adulthood a female child is given a lower nutrition diet than males

A

Permanent taboos

38
Q

A taboo that often exclude nutrients essential for the expectant mother and fetus. Only applicable only in certain times of life.

A

Temporary Taboos

39
Q

This practice of child delivery is done with a deep cut in the interior of the wall of the vagina for easy delivery

A

“Zur Zur”

40
Q

A knife or razor-blade is used to cut the labia minora and vaginal opening

A

Gishiri cut

41
Q

They have no formal training but acquire skills via apprenticeships

A

Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA)

42
Q

The process of learning one’s culture

A

Socialization

43
Q

Learning to view oneself as other’s see him or her is called.

A

Looking-glass self

44
Q

One of the first elements young people identify is their

A

Gender identity

45
Q

Practices that channel girls and boys aspirations that generally undermines a girl’s self-worth and self-esteem that cause them to have low achievement

A

Achievement socialization

46
Q

Socialization for domestic and division of labor. Women are still viewed as housewives

A

Domestic socialization

47
Q

Belief that women and men have biological different capacities and that these differences are from a legitimate basis of unequal treatment

A

Sexism

48
Q

Special form of discrimination that includes unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, and other unwanted verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature.

A

Sexual harassment

49
Q

Sexual behavior constitutes unlawful discrimination when submission or rejection of conduct affects

A

Terms of employment

Basis of promotion

Interference of work performance

50
Q

Three factors in determining the gendered division in a society

A

Type of subsistence base

The supply and demand of labor

The extent to which a women’s child rearing activities are compatible with certain type of work

51
Q

Refers to the means by which society gains the necessities of life.

A

Subsistence

52
Q

The level of technology and the organization of the economy in a given society

A

Techno-economic-base

53
Q

5 techno-economic-bases that determine gender stratification

A

Hunting and gathering societies

Horticultural and pastural societies

Agrarian societies

Industrial societies

Post industrial societies

54
Q

Earliest known division of labor between men and women. Where men hunt and women gather

A

Hunting and gathering societies

55
Q

T OR F

In Hunting and gathering societies women are full economic partners of men

A

True

56
Q

This society has little social stratification because there is no surplus

A

Hunting and gathering societies

57
Q

Society with steady source of food because of grown resources

A

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

58
Q

T OR F

In horticultural and pastoral societies there is a low degree of equality because men control the food supply

A

False (High degree of equality because neither control the food supply)

59
Q

When inadequate moisture in an area makes planting impossible, the domestication of large animals for food is employed

A

Pastoralism

60
Q

Social practices that contribute to gender inequality in horticultural and pastoral societies

A

Polygyny

Menstrual taboo

Bridewealth/Brideprice

61
Q

Marriage of one man to multiple wives

A

Polygyny

62
Q

Women are placed in subordinate positions by segregating them into menstrual huts as they are considered unclean

A

Menstrual taboo

63
Q

Payment of a price by a man for a wife, turning women into property that can be bought and sold

A

Bridewealth/Brideprice

64
Q

In this society gender inequality and male dominance became institutionalized since men became more involved in food production when farming became mechanized

A

Agrarian societies

65
Q

T OR F

Women are excluded from production of food because they viewed as too weak for work because of child rearing responsibilities

A

True

66
Q

A practice that secludes women and forces them to wear extremely modest apparel since thet beed to submit to men. Found among Muslim and Hindu women

A

Purdah

67
Q

Surgical procedure that involves cutting a part or stitching the vagina to control a girl’s sexual activity

A

Genital Mutilation

68
Q

Factory or mechanized production replaced agriculture. As societies industrialize the status of women tends to decline further

A

Industrial societies

69
Q

Husbands are breadwinners and wives are homemakers. The home is a private personal sphere which women creates a haven for family. This is establishing the

A

Cult of domesticity or cult of true womanhood

70
Q

Society in which technology supports a service and information based economy

A

Post-Industrial Societies

71
Q

T OR F

While there are increasing number of women in the labor force in Post-Industrial societies. They still face disadvantage such as low salaries and facing a double burden in caring for their families and doing work.

A

True

72
Q

It means how much importance society confers on females vs males

A

Relative status of women

73
Q

What are the 4 contributory factors for women’s status

A

Women’s contribution to subsistence

Importance of warfare

Existence of political hierarchy

Practice of matrilocal and matrilineal forms

74
Q

T OR F

Women’s status will be high when they contribute substantially to subsistence.

A

True

75
Q

T OR F

In warfare men are equally important than women

A

False (women are less important)

76
Q

T OR F

Whenever political behavior is important or frequent. Men’s status are higher

A

True

77
Q

T OR F

Women have higher status where kin groups and couple’s place of residence are organized around women

A

True

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