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Social Science > Biosystematics > Flashcards

Biosystematics Flashcards

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1
Q

SCIENCE THAT ENCOMPASSES TRADITIONAL TAXONOMY, AND ITS PRIMARY GOAL IS TO RECONSTRUCT PHYLOGENY

A

Systematics

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2
Q

DESCRIPTION, IDENTIFICATION, NOMENCLATURE, AND

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

A

Taxonomy

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3
Q

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF LIFE

A

Phylogeny

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4
Q

CUMULATIVE CHANGE THAT OCCURRED IN AN ORGANISM SINCE THE

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

A

Evolution

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5
Q

THE TRANSFER OF GENETIC MATERIAL FROM PARENTS TO
OFFSPRING OVER TIME, WHICH LEADS TO THE FORMATION OF LINEAGE OR
CLADE

A

Descent

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6
Q

A SET OF ORGANISMS INTERCONNECTED THROUGH TIME AND SPACE BY THE TRANSFER OF GENETIC MATERIAL FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING

A

Clade

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7
Q

GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT IS USUALLY
GEOGRAPHICALLY DELIMITED AND THAT TYPICALLY HAS A SIGNIFICANT
AMOUNT OF GENE EXCHANGE

A

Population

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8
Q

A GROUP OF ORGANISMS THAT IS ESSENTIALLY

REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED FROM OTHER GROUPS

A

Species

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9
Q

What are the two mechanisms of evolution?

A
  1. Genetic Drift

2. Natural Selection

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10
Q

An evolutionary mechanism where the modifications are random

A

Genetic Drift

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11
Q

An evolutionary mechanism in which the modifications are not random

A

Natural selection

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12
Q

A FEATURE THAT PERFORMS A PARTICULAR FUNCTION AND BRINGS ABOUTINCREASED SURVIVAL

A

Adaptation

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13
Q

WHEN POPULATIONS EVOLVED TO BECOME DISTINCT SPECIES

A

Speciation

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14
Q

TAXONOMIC UNIT OF ANY
RANK; ARRANGED IN HIERARCHY, FROM
KINGDOM TO SPECIES

A

Taxon

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15
Q

Arrange the taxons from the most inclusive to the least

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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16
Q

AN ACCURATE AND COMPLETE LISTINGS OF FEATURES OF ORGANISMS OR
PART OF AN ORGANISM IS ONE OF THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES AND
CONTRIBUTION TO TAXONOMY

A

Description

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17
Q

THE PROCESS OF ASSOCIATING AN UNKNOWN TAXON WITH A KNOWN ONE

A

Identification

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18
Q

ALSO KNOWN AS TAXONOMIC KEYS

A

Dichotomous key

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19
Q

DICHOTOMOUS KEY CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF TWO CONTRASTING

STATEMENTS CALLED

A

Leads

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20
Q

Two leads form a…

A

Couplet

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21
Q

FORMAL NAMING OF TAXA ACCORDING TO A STANDARDIZED SYSTEM

A

Nomenclature

22
Q

The formal name of organisms

A

Scientific name

23
Q

Scientific names is comprised of which taxa

A

Genus and Specific Epithet

24
Q

Father of Taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus

25
Q

Plural of genus

A

Genera

26
Q

What are the two methods of taxonomic classification?

A

Phenetic

Phylogenetic

27
Q

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OVERALL SIMILARITIES

A

Phenetic

28
Q

BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, OR PATTERN OF DESCENT

A

Phylogenetic

29
Q

REFERS TO THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A GROUP OF ORGANISMS REPRESENTED IN A CLADOGRAM

A

Phylogeny

30
Q

A BRANCHING DIAGRAM THAT REPRESENTS THE

EVOLUTIONARY PATTERN OF DESCENT

A

Cladogram

31
Q

Branching on the cladogram represents…

A

Divergence

32
Q

A line in the cladogram is called…

A

A clade

33
Q

INFERRING THE PATTERN OF EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A

GROUP, USING APOMORPHIES

A

Cladistics

34
Q

NEW OR UNIQUE OR DERIVED CHARACTER

A

Apomorphy

35
Q

Cladograms: CONSIST OF A COMMON ANCESTOR PLUS ALL

DESCENDANTS OF THAT COMMON ANCESTOR

A

Monophyletic groups

36
Q

CONSIST OF A COMMON ANCESTOR BUT NOT ALL

DESCENDANTS OF THAT COMMON ANCESTOR

A

Paraphyletic group

37
Q

TWO OR MORE SEPARATE GROUPS, EACH WITH A

SEPARATE COMMON ANCESTOR

A

Polyphyletic group

38
Q

7 FIELDS THAT SYSTEMATICS

ENCOMPASSED

A
  • BIODIVERSITY
  • TAXONOMY
  • CLASSIFICATION
  • NOMENCLATURE
  • BIOGEOGRAPHY
  • EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
  • PHYLOGENETICS
39
Q

True or false. NO OTHER BRANCH OF BIOLOGY HAS MADE A GREATER CONTRIBUTION TO
OUR UNDERSTANDING OF EVOLUTION THAN SYSTEMATICS

A

True

40
Q

True or false. SYSTEMATICS IS THE FOUNDATION OF COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY

A

True

41
Q

Which of the statement is not a role of biosystematics in modern biology?

A. SYSTEMATICS IDENTIFY AND DOCUMENT EARTH’S BIODIVERSITY, AND
ORGANIZE THIS INFORMATION IN A FORM THAT CAN BE UTILIZED BY OTHERS
B. SYSTEMATIC PATTERNS ARE HYPOTHESES OF THE HISTORY OF LIFE AND
FORM THE BASIS FOR MODERN CLASSIFICATIONS
C. PHYLOGENETIC PATTERNS THAT RESULT FROM SYSTEMATIC STUDIES, AND CLASSIFICATIONS DERIVED FROM THEM, HAVE PREDICTIVE VALUE
D. SYSTEMATICS HELPS BIOLOGISTS IDENTIFY AND ELIMINATE SPECIES THAT HAVE NO USE AND ARE HARMFUL TO OUR ENVIRONMENT
E. SYSTEMATICS PROVIDES INDEPENDENT EVIDENCE FOR PATTERNS OF
GEOLOGICAL CHANGE

A

D

42
Q

Which of the following fields are not helped by systematics?

A. APPLIED BIOLOGY
B. APPLIED CHEMISTRY
C. EPIDEMIOLOGY
D. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
E. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
A

B

43
Q

DATING ROCKS IS DONE THROUGH RADIOACTIVE DECAY, BUT SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CAN BE DATED THROUGH THEIR ENCLOSED FLORA AND FAUNA. SYSTEMATISTS PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN IDENTIFYING THESE FLORA AND FAUNA, AND FORMULATE A CLEAR PICTURE OF GEOLOGICAL EVENTS. In what field of study does this function biosystematic need?

A

Determination of sequential events

44
Q

AN ECOLOGICAL SURVEY CAN BE CONDUCTED WITHOUT

IDENTIFYING THE SPECIES THAT ARE OF ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE. True or false?

A

False

45
Q

SYSTEMATICS IS THE FOUNDATION OF ________

A

Comparative Biology

46
Q

How many kingdoms are there according to cavalier-smith?

A

8

47
Q

Kingdom that includes mammals

A

Animalia

48
Q

Phylum that includes jellyfish

A

Cnidarians

49
Q

The only plant species left in its family

A

Gingko Biloba

50
Q

What is an invertebrate?

A

Animals with no backbone

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