Genroku Japan: The Four Faces of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi

Question 1

Ito Jinsai

Answer 1

-Affirmation of emotions

Question 2

What are the four beginnings and what are the concerted with virtue through cultivations?

Answer 2

Four Beginning-Virtue
commiseration-goodness
shame/dislike-righteousness
deference/compliance-propriety 
right/wrong-knowledge

Question 3

What are the four ways Tsunayoshi is remembered by?

Answer 3

• The dog Shogun (born under the year of the dog and protector of dogs.)
• “Gay Shogun”
• Friend of Scholars
• Reassertion of Shogunal power (the centralizing shogun)

Question 4

Who were the shoguns before Tsunayoshi?

Answer 4

• Ieyasu
• Hidetada
• Iemitsu (Otama)
• Ietsuna (important Shogun advisors Hoshina Masayuki, Sakai Tadakiyo, Sakai, Tadakatsu)

Question 5

Why is Tsunayoshi known as the gay shogun?

Answer 5

Established early on his sexual preference toward males (though Homosexuality was well established among warriors), though he was probably bisexual.

Question 6

What is the importance of Tsunayoshi’s sexuality?

Answer 6

Many of his attendant were appointed based upon sex. (Sex as a motivating political force/factor.) Ex. Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu and Kuroda Naoshige)

Question 7

Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu

Answer 7

An influential advisor under Tsunayoshi

Question 8

Kuroda Naoshige

Answer 8

An advisor that appeared to have relations with Tsunayoshi sexually

Question 9

Keishōin

Answer 9

Tsunayoshi’s mother-daughter of a green grocer
Mother was a lady in waiting who’s own mother entered the samurai ranks by becoming a concubine. A figure Tsunayoshi relied upon until her death.

Question 10

Kitamura Kigin

Answer 10

Japanese Haikai poet and scholar. Teacher for Basho

Question 11

Sumiyoshi Gukei

Answer 11

1631, Kyōto, Japan—died April 25, 1705,

Japanese painter, Tsunayoshi’s official painter.

Question 12

Yasui Shunkai

Answer 12

Calendar maker brought to Edo by Tsunayoshi

Question 13

Hayashi Family

Answer 13

Tsunayoshi gave Hayashi family land to build a Confucian school-Confucianism no longer hidden among Buddhist priests.

Question 14

1685

Answer 14

The year when Tsunayoshi issued the laws against the mistreatment of dogs and then later on animals (Created 4 dog pounds, 50 acres)

Question 15

What were the sources of Tsunayoshi’s animal love?

Answer 15

• Buddhism
• Tsunayoshi born in the year of the dog
• Dogs are the time were a public policy issue
• Dogs raised to feed hawks at the time
• stray dog problem-dogs eaten by people

Question 16

Echigo Dispute 1681

Answer 16

This incident provided Tsunayoshi the opportunity to reestablish shogunal authority after Ietsuna’s weak reign. In this dispute: a succession dispute-it was confiscated during Osaka campaigns and it was eventually assigned to Matsudaira Misunaga. Mitsunaga was in line for succession for shogun, but he ends up having his land stripped from him and placed in detention after the first year of Tsunayoshi. Eventually leading Tsunayoshi to punish Matsudaira Tsunamasa.

Question 17

Hotta Masatoshi

Answer 17

Top goverment

Question 18

Matsudaira Tsunamasa

Answer 18

Eldest son of Matsudaira Masakatsu. He becomes lord of Fukui however due to his cruelty he was punished and had his land confiscated.

Question 19

How does age affect Ietsuna’s rule?

Answer 19

Tokugawa Ietsuna: 10 years of aged

• Hoshina Masayuki was an advisor, Aizu domain
• Sakai Tadakiyo-hereditary lord senior counselor, great councilor
• Sakai Tadakatsu-fought at Sekigahara, senior councilor, great councilor

Question 20

How did age affect Tsunayoshi’s rule?

Answer 20

He became shogun at 34 years of age

Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu, vassal, chamberlain, senior councilor

Question 21

How did age affect Tokugawa Ienobu?

Answer 21

Became shogun at 46 years of age

• Arai Hakuseki Confucian scholar
• Manabe Akifusa

Question 22

How would the patterns of shogunal succession be classified?

Answer 22

father-son (strong)
-Ieyasu-Hidetada
-Hidetada-Iemitsu
-Ienobu-Ietsugu
brother-brother (Weak)
-Iemitsu-Ietsuna
-Ietsuna-Tsunayoshi
uncle-nephew (Strong)-listen to personal advisors
-Tsunayoshi-Ienobu
Collateral House
Ietsugu-Yoshimune