Genres

Question 1

Baroque Period

Answer 1

1600-1750, follows Renaissance period.
Monteverdi to Bach
emergence of melody with basso continuo/figured bass. 
focus on key, and harmony within that key I-V-I
counterpoint (toccata, fugue)
ornamentation
dance suites (partitas, cello suites)
music just as important as the text
introduction of the tritone
improvisation

Question 2

Renaissance Period

Answer 2

1400-1600
modal
polyphony (multiple melodies going at once of the same import)
text over music
Thirds and sixth became in use, since previously they had been considered dissonant

Question 3

Classical Period

Answer 3

1730-1820
piano replaced harpsichord
expanded orchestra
focus on order and clarity (harkening back to the "classics" of greece)
simplicity over complexity
sonata form
homophonic texture (one melody with accompaniment)
galant style (lighter)
dynamics
use of harmony to create tension

Question 4

Romantic Era

Answer 4

1820-1900
connection with nature
individual emotion and expression
fascination with the supernatural
incorporation of folk music
passion, energy
chromaticism, rubato, leitmotivs, extended technique (fingerboard or bowing near the bridge)
virtuoso (Lizst, Chopin)
descriptive overture, tone poem, expanded idea of symphony
program music
addition of bass clarinet, contra, percussion, low brass