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Pharmacology Test 2 > GenPharm2ExamReview > Flashcards

GenPharm2ExamReview Flashcards

1
Q

An important animal model for study drug addiction and abuse?

A

Drug self-administration

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2
Q

An important neurotransmitter for reward and good feelings in drug abuse particularly cocaine?

A

Dopamine

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3
Q

What physiological brain measure supports the idea that drug abuse/addiction is chronic and relapsing?

A

Levels of D2 dopamine recptors examined by PET scanning

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4
Q

How long can it take for the brain to heal after long-term and repetitive drug use?

A

Months to years

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5
Q

Flumazenil (Romazicon) blocks the pharmacological actions of?

A

Benzos and NBRAs

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6
Q

A patient with a temporary sleep disorder that is associated with anxiety would be treated best with?

A

Long acting benzo such as diazepam (Valium)

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7
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

suppresses seizure activity associated with status epilepticus, relieves anxiety following acute administration, reduces spasticity associated with cerebral palsy, and suppresses the syndrome associated with alcohol withdrawal

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8
Q

Ethanol

A

increases GABA-mediated chloride conductance at the GABA-A receptor

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9
Q

SSRIs must be administered for

A

two or more weeks before the onset of their antidepressant effect is observed

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10
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants may cause tachycardia and arrthymias because they

A

inhibit norepinephrine reuptake in the heart and block muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the heart

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11
Q

Aripirzole (Abilify) a drug recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorders is a

A

partial agonist of dopamine D2 recpetors

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12
Q

Lithium carbonate

A

can be used in combo with the antipsychotic drug haloperidol for the treatment of acute mania; is effect in prophalytic treatment of bipolar affective disorder decrease both manic and depressive phases; and can be use in combo with antiepileptic drug carbamazepine for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder

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13
Q

Tachyphalactic anticonvulsant

A

Carbazepine (Tegretol)

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14
Q

Drug that exerts an anti-Parkinson’s effect by directly activating D2 dopamine receptors?

A

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

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15
Q

The major reason that Carbidopa is of value in Parkinson’s is that the compound?

A

Inhibits aromatic L-amino acide decarboxylase

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16
Q

Nerve fibers most sensitive to locals?

A

Small diameter with rapid firing rates

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17
Q

No epinephrine at

A

extremety tips

18
Q

Which drug functions primarily by increasing insulin secretion?

A

Sulfonylureas

19
Q

Which drug should not be given to a type 2 diabetes patient who also has an intestinal disease which can be exacerbated by increased formation of gas?

A

Acarbose (Precose)

20
Q

It takes 3-6 weeks for a thiazolidinedione agent to reach maximal effects because…

A

The drug needs to activate PPAR-gamma to induce gene expression in target tissues

21
Q

The most serious side effect of insulin replacement therapy is

A

hypoglycemia

22
Q

The ketogenic diet is effective for treatment of

A

a wide spectrum of epilepsies in children.

23
Q

A patient with a temporary sleep disorder without anxiety would be best treated with

A

a short-acting benzo such as triazolam (Halcion)

24
Q

Which of the following drugs interacts with GABA-A receptor complex?

A

Diazepam (Valium), Zolpidem (Ambien), Phenobarbital (Luminal), and Flumazenil (Romazicon)

25
Q

Tricyclic antidespessents must be administered for

A

several weeks before the onset of their antidepressent effect is observed

26
Q

Which of the following side effects of antipsychotic drugs occurs only after chronic administration?

A

Tardive dyskinesia

27
Q

Short acting non-benzo drug that is useful as a hypnotic agent; its effect can be reversed by benzo antagonists?

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)

28
Q

A benzo receptor antagonist that is useful in treating benzo overdose?

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

29
Q

T or F
Chronic treatment with diazepam (Valium) results in the accumulation of active drug metabolites that may persist for weeks following withdrawal of the drug.

A

TRUE

30
Q

T or F
The clinical potency of typical antipsychotic drugs correlates with their affinity for binding to D2 subtypes of dopamine receptors in the brain.

A

TRUE

31
Q

Which of the following pharm actions of diazepam is mediated by an action on the GABA-A receptor?

A

anxiety reduction, muscle relaxation, and anti-convulsant activity

32
Q

Benzos are useful for the emergency treatment of

A

seizure disorders such as status epilepticus

33
Q

Alcohol induced brain injury can result from

A

alcohol neurotoxicity, thiamine deficiency, and hepatic encephalopathy

34
Q

Local anesthetics cause

A

no permanent damage to nerves at therapeutic concentrations

35
Q

T or F

Atypical antipsychotic drugs frequently elicit strong extrapyramidal motor side effects.

A

FALSE

36
Q

Which of the following drugs does not enhance GABA0mediated chloride conductance through the GABA-A receptor?

A

Flumazenil

37
Q

Chronic admin of barbiturates results in

A

pharmacodynamic tolerance to barbiturates and benzos, pharmacokinetic tolerance to barbiturates, and physical dependence

38
Q

localized infection and inflammation can affect the action of local anesthetics by:

A

lowering tissue pH and decreasing the ability of the anesthetic to diffues into nerve tissue

39
Q

Local anesthetics act by

A

blocking sodium channels

40
Q

High doses of local anesthetics may escape into the circulation and affect the normal function of the brain and heart because

A

these two organs/tissues contain electrically excitable cells that are sensitive to the channel blocking of local anesthetics

41
Q

When injected along with local epinephrine can

A

cause local vasoconstriction and reduce diffusion of the anesthetic away from the site of injection AND cause ischemia or gangrene in small extremities such as fingers and toes

42
Q

T or F

Tricyclic antidepressents are effective for the treatment of acute mania.

A

FALSE

Pharmacology Test 2 (7 decks)

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