Genotypes and Phenotypes Flashcards
What does homozygous mean?
Two copies of the same allele.
What does heterozygous mean?
One of each allele for example one dominant and one recessive.
What is an allele?
An allele is a variant form of a gene.
What is a genotype?
A genotype is a genetic trait.
There are three types of genotypes homozygous dominant heterozygous dominant and homozygous recessive. A genotype is a genetic trait.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is a physical trait.
A phenotype is an individual’s traits such as height, eye colour or blood type. A phenotype is a physical trait.
Consider two parents who are both blood group O. What blood groups could the children have?
The children could only be blood group O as they can only receive a recessive allele from each parent.
What chromosomes does each gender pass down to their child?
The man can only pass on the Y-chromosome to the sons and X chromosome to their daughters.
Mother‘s will pass on one X chromosome to each child.
What is a carrier?
A carrier is a heterozygous individual who has the allele for the trait but does not show the phenotype (the trait is not expressed).
What is a dominant trait?
A dominant trait is an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele.
What is a recessive trait?
Refers to a trait that is expressed only when the genotypes are homozygous in the recessive trait.
